buzzwords Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
which Ig is found in mucosa?
A
IgA
2
Q
which antibiotics are used for gram positive cover?
A
glycopeptides
3
Q
patient with fever and pleuritic chest pain, relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
A
pericarditis
4
Q
irregularly irregular pulse
A
atrial fibrillation
5
Q
ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150bpm
A
atrial flutter
6
Q
saddle shaped ST elevation
A
pericarditis
7
Q
broad complex tachycardia
A
ventricular problem
8
Q
broad QRS with slurred upstroked delta wave
A
wolff-parkinson-white syndrome
9
Q
tall, tented T waves
A
hyperkalaemia
10
Q
ground glass on CXR
A
pulmonary fibrosis
11
Q
caseous necrosis
A
TB
non-caseating = sarcoidosis
12
Q
D sign on CXR
A
empyema
13
Q
BHL, erythema nodosim, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, increased ACE serum
A
sarcoidosis
14
Q
red jelly sputum
A
klebsiella pneumoniae
15
Q
rusty sputum
A
pneumococcal pneumonia
16
Q
how do D-dimers effect PE diagnosis?
A
high - suspect PE (dont diagnose), send for CTPA or V/Q scan
low - rule out PE
17
Q
how do you treat a large + small PE?
A
large - thrombolysis
small - LMWH
18
Q
which arrhythmia is common post MI?
A
ventricular tachycardia
19
Q
what do thiazide and loop diruretics treat respectively?
A
thiazide - hypertension
loop - heart failure
20
Q
how many half lives before drug reaches steady state?
A
5 usually
21
Q
which cell population is the foetal part of the placenta derived from?
A
trophoblast
22
Q
which substance within the cell directly stimulates protein kinase A?
A
cyclic AMP
activation of protein kinase A leads to glycogen breakdown
23
Q
strongest bond
A
covalent
24
Q
hydrogen bonds
A
3 atoms usually lie in a straight line
25
what is the main way an increase in sympathetic outflow results in increase preload?
increases renin secretion
26
example of secondary active transport
sodium-glucose co-transport
27
cell initially involved with excess lipid uptake in vessel wall
macrophage
28
most important predisposing risk factor for atherosclerosis?
smoking
29
narrow complex tachycardia, blow into 50ml syringe to terminate
valsalva manouvre --> stimulates VAGUS nerve
30
SOB when lying flat (more pillows), no wheeze or lower limb swelling
left sided heart failure
31
malignancy spread to supraclavicular fossa
gastric adenocarcinoma
32
dad with x-linked, chances of daughter?
100%
33
neutrophil granules
enzymes eg myeloperoxidase
34
pseudo polyp - crohns or UC?
UC
35
cervical screening looks for
dysplasia
36
cause of hypotension in sepsis
Vasoactive mediators that are released to maintain tissue oxygenation – nitric oxide released by activated endothelium (others = prostacyclins)
37
oncogene tested on breast cancer biopsy
HER2
38
lung cancer - central weight gain, easy bruising, abdominal striae (stretch marks), hyperpigmentation
small cell carcinoma - ectopic ACTH production
39
vascular change during margination in acute inflammation
vessel dilates REDUCING flow
40
management of >2cm primary + secondary pneumothorax
primary - aspiration
| secondary - chest drain
41
beclomethasone causing white plaques in mouth
take using large volume spacer
42
collapsed patient, exaggerated chest movement, no audible respiration at mouth or nose, bounding regular pulse
upper airway obstruction
43
most likely group of organisms to cause hospital acquired pneumonia
gram negative bacteria
44
most likely causative organism of community acquired pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
45
drug to treat influenza A + B
oseltamivir
46
measuring success of prevention programme
monitor incidence levels
47
pathophysiological mechanism that causes oedema
increased venuole hydrostatic pressure
48
patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI
dressler's syndrome
49
'blurred yellowing vision headache'
digoxin toxicity
50
continuous machine like heart murmur
patent ductus arteriosus
51
rib notching on CXR + diminished absent lower limb pulses
coarctation of the aorta
52
positive anti-globerular basement membrane antibodies
goodpasture's syndrome
53
child with barking cough
croup
54
'steeple' sign on X ray
laryngotracheobronchitis
55
eggshell calcification of hilar region
silicosis
56
drug treatment for psuedomonas aeruginosa
ciprofloxacin
resistance to betalactams + tetracyclins
57
improve survival post MI
omega 3
58
Erbs point
3rd ICS left sternal border (S3 + S4)
59
what does epiblast form
amniotic cavity
60
non-blanching rash, neck stiffness, strong pulse, low bp
septic shock
blood volume decreases in sepsis
61
canalicular phase of lung development
alveolar ducts
16-25th week
62
CT of HIV
gas filled cavities, bilateral ground glass opacification
63
RNA polymerase
transcribes genetic material
64
ST elevation in V1-V3
anteroseptal
65
MAP
diastolic + 1/3 (systolic - diastolic)
66
nerve which runs lateral to fibrous pericardium
phrenic
67
resistance to radius relation in vessels
resistance is inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4
68
how to increase venous return
increase skeletal muscle activity
increasing venomotor tone
*could be more idk
69
used to reverse warfarin
prothrombin complex concentrate
70
most common cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
71
intercostal vein drainage
```
anterior = internal thoracic
posterior = azygous
```
72
trisomy 18
edwards
73
monosomy X in females
Turners (45X)
normal intelligence, infertile, no boobs
74
disomy X in males
Klinefelters (47XXY)
normal intelligence, sterile, breasts + genitals
75
DiGeorge
deletion of q11 gene on chromosome 22
baby with CHD, cleft palate
76
sickle cell anaemia acquired via...
acquired through co-dominant inheritance
77
glucose transport to gut
GLUT5 passive facilitated diffusion
78
venous drainage of liver
hepatic vein -> IVC
79
people who inject drugs hepatitis
hep D
80
defensin
anti-microbial protein secreted by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces
81
coffee bean sign on AXR
sigmoid volvulus
82
ulcers in mouth, palpable mass RIF, low serum B12 + folate
crohns
83
increase ALP + cholesterol, pruritus, increase antimitochondrial antibody
primary biliary cirrhosis
84
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
colorectal cancer (tumour marker)
85
pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment
ciprofloxacin
--> resistant to most antibiotics + gram neg
86
C. diff treatment
mild = metronidazole
severe = metronidazole + vancomycin
(all oral)
87
when doctors can breach confidentiality
asked via court order
to police officer when serious crime committed
to parent if minor refusing life faving treatment
88
enlarged, pleomorphic nuclei
malignant process
89
acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia post E coli 0157 infection
haemolytic uraemic syndrome
90
mallory's hyaline bodies (seen on microscope)
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis)
| chronic active hepatitis
91
alpha feto protein
hepatocellular carcinoma
92
CA19-9 tumour marker
cholangiocarcinoma / pancreatic
93
liver mass - stellate star appearance
fibro-lamellar carcinoma
young patients (5-35)
94
Kaiser Fleischer rings in eyes
Wilsons disease
95
anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)
autoimmune hepatitis
96
piecemeal necrosis
? autoimmune hepatitis --- maybe idk
97
hernia in female, points down leg
femoral hernia
98
fresh blood when wiping (not in stool or bowl)
haemorrhoids
99
pseudomembrane (white plaque thing) @ back of mouth
diptheria
100
painless obstructive jaundice
pancreatic cancer / cholangiocarcinoma
101
courvoisiers law
= palpable gallbladder + jaundice
--> cholangiocarcinoma / pancreatic cancer
102
fox / cullen's / grey turner's sign
acute pancreatitis
cullens - bruising around umbilicus
Grey turners - bruising over flanks
103
rice water stools
vibrio cholera
104
cloudy ascitic fluid
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
--> serious infection of the ascitic fluid which carries a high mortality and must be immediately treated with antibiotics.
105
JVP cannon waves
complete heart block
106
notching of ribs on CXR
coarctation of aorta
107
AST:ALT ratio >2
alcoholism
108
anti-GBM antibodies
goodpastures syndrome (autoimmune, pulmonary haemorrhage)
109
wedge shaped infarct
PE
110
tram-line shadowing
bronchiectasis
111
kerley B lines + bat wing shadowing
HF + pulmonary oedema
112
murphys sign positive
cholecystitis - pain on taking breath in when pressing in gallbladder location
113
boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
114
egg on side appearance of heart
transposition of great vessels
115
gingival hypertrophy + petechiae
vit c defiency - scurvy
