Buzzwords Resp

Question 1

Dull to percuss

Answer 1

PE

Question 2

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

Answer 2

Pneumonia

Question 3

ABCDE:
Alveolar bat’s wings
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Pleural effusion 
...

Answer 3

Pulmonary oedema

Question 4

Ground-glass appearance on CXR

Answer 4

Pulmonary fibrosis

Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

Question 5

ZN stain positive for acid-fast bacilli

Answer 5

TB

Question 6

Caseous necrosis

Cell death with cheese-like appearance

Answer 6

TB

Question 7

Apical disease

Answer 7

(Secondary) TB

Question 8

What is miliary TB?

Answer 8

Spread of the causative organism to the bloodstream

Question 9

Positive ‘Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies’

Answer 9

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 10

Chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet is caused by…

Answer 10

Chlamydophilia psittaci

Question 11

Dry cough + diarrhoea after holiday abroad

Some indication of water spread

Answer 11

Legionella pneumophilia

Test urine for antigens

Question 12

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”

Answer 12

Probably pneumothorax

Marfan’s

Question 13

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Erythema nodosum
Granulomas
Fatigue
Uveitis 
Weight loss

Answer 13

Sarcoidosis

Question 14

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)

signet ring sign

Answer 14

Bronchiectasis

Question 15

‘D’ sign on CXR

Answer 15

Emphysema

Question 16

‘Steeple’ sign on CXR

Answer 16

Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)

Question 17

Child with barking cough

Answer 17

Croup

Question 18

Pneumocystis pneumonia related to…

Treat with…

Answer 18

…HIV

…co-trimoxazole and prednisolone if severe

Question 19

Asthma
Nasal polyps
Salicylate hypersensitivity

Answer 19

Samter’s triad (Aspirin Exacerbated Resp Disease)

Question 20

Pneumonia associated with alcoholism

Answer 20

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 21

‘Red jelly’ sputum

Answer 21

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 22

Mucoid sputum

Answer 22

Clamydia psittaci

Question 23

Rusty sputum

Answer 23

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 24

Cannonball metastases
Weight loss
Haematuria

Answer 24

Primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 25

Morning headache

Answer 25

Hypercapnia or side effect of organic nitrates

Question 26

ACTH secreting tumour

Answer 26

Small cell carcinoma of lung

Question 27

PTH secreting tumour

Answer 27

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

Question 28

Describe small cell carcinoma

Answer 28

Neuroendocrine Highly malignant Perhaps associated with ectopic enzyme syndromes

Question 29

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

Answer 29

Sarcoid

Question 30

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

Answer 30

Silicosis

Question 31

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

Answer 31

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin (found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-ventricular heart failure). Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

Question 32

Ghon focus is...

Answer 32

...an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung. TB If ruptures, tuberculosis pleurisy

Question 33

Assman focus is...

Answer 33

...an apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

Question 34

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs

Answer 34

Rounded, solitary lesion Commonly: bronchial/lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

Question 35

When can Horner's syndrome occur?

Answer 35

When there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes, or a Pancoast’s tumour

Question 36

Signs of Horner's syndrome?

Answer 36

Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), Enophthalmos (sunken eye) Miosis (small pupil) Lack of sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face. Due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain

Question 37

Acute managment of asthma:

Answer 37

OSHIT MAn a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask b. Salbutamol - nebulised back-to-back. c. Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO d. Ipratropium Bromide nebulised hourly e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV f. Magnesium and call an g. Anaesthetist

Question 38

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

Answer 38

Pertussis

Question 39

Snow storm appearance on x ray

Answer 39

Baritosis | Silicosis

Question 40

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD:

Answer 40

``` i - ipratropium S - Salbutamol O - Oxygen A - amoxicillin P - prednisolone ```

Question 41

Non-smoker + lung cancer

Answer 41

(Peripheral) adenocarcinoma

Question 42

High d-dimers

Answer 42

Suspect PE | Send for CTPA or V/Q scan

Question 43

Low d-dimers

Answer 43

Exclude PE

Question 44

Treat large PE with...

Answer 44

...thrombolysis

Question 45

Treat small PE with...

Answer 45

LMW heparin