Resp conditions Flashcards by Martin Carr

Severe shortness of breath, rapid, shallow breathing, tiredness, feeling faint

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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Productive persistent cough, breathlessness, clubbing, long-term condition

Bronchiectasis

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Fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, dry chesty cough, sore throat

Influenza (flu)

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Chronic malaise, fever, bad breath, weight loss, SoB, chest pain

Lung Abscess

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Fever, coryza, cough, wheeze

Bronchiolitis

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Persistent cough, SoB, sputum, haemoptysis, chest pain, loss of appetite, clubbing, hoarse voice, fatigue, weight loss

Lung Cancer

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Persistent cough productive of sputum and blood, weight loss, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, neck swelling

Tuberculosis

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Pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, bulging area that becomes larger when bearing down

Inguinal hernia

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Wheezing, breathlessness, tight chest, coughing, worse at night/early morning, worse on exercise or exposure to allergen

Asthma

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Sharp, stabbing pain on one side of chest worse on inspiration, SoB, deviated trachea, unequal chest expansion

Pneumothorax

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Shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue, cough productive of thick lumps of mucus

Aspergillus

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Swollen, hot, red, or tender leg or calf

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) lower than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), cyanosis, SoB

Type 1 Respiratory Failure

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salty sweat, clubbing, intestinal blockage, fibrotic pancreas, failure to thrive, reccurrent bacterial lung infections, congenital bilateral absence of Vas Deferens, filled sinuses, gallbladder and liver disease

Cystic Fibrosis

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Severe sore throat, dysphagia, SoB, stridor, fever, irritability, hoarse voice, drooling

Epiglottitis

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Fluid in pleural space causing SoB, dry cough, fever, sweating, pain in chest headache, confusion, clubbing

Empyema

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Chest pain, SoB, fatigue, fever, persistent cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, clubbing

Mesothelioma

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SoB, fatigue, feeling faint or dizzy, chest pain, tachycardia, leg/ankle swelling

Pulmonary Hypertension

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Pneumonia, sepsis, severe chest injury, aspiration, near drowning, acute pancreatitis, transfusion reaction cause…

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

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SoB, chest pain (especially sharp pain on inspiration), fever, cough

Pleural Effusion

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Increasing breathlessness, persistent cough, frequent infections, wheezing

COPD (include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.)

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Large: cardiovascular shock, low BP, central cyanosis, sudden death
Medium: pleuritic pain, haemoptysis, breathless
Small recurrent: progressive dyspnoea, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure

Pulmonary Embolism

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Productive cough with thick yellow/green sputum sometimes streaked with blood, tachycardia, fever, malaise, loss of appetite, chest pain

Pneumonia

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Unknown, suspected genetics and allergens causes…

Asthma

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Nasal discharge, sore throat, malaise, cough

Common cold/coryza

Painful, hard lumps under skin and redness

Thrombophlebitis

Increased sputum production and purulence, increased wheeze, breathless

COPD (acute exacerbation)

Green/yellow nasal discharge, headache, pain/tenderness around cheeks, eyes, or forehead, bad breath

Sinusitis

Sore throat, transient wheeze, productive cough, headache, aches and pains, tiredness

Bronchitis (acute)

Breathless on exertion, cough (no wheeze), clubbing, inspiratory lung crackles, central cyanosis

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD)

Haemoptysis (sometimes frothy), SoB, grunting, wheezing, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor or cyanosis

Pulmonary Oedema

Hypoxemia and PaCO2 higher than 50 mm Hg, CO2 retention flap, bounding pulse, cyanosis, SoB

Type 2 Respiratory Failure

Fever, sore throat, thick grey-white coating at back of throat, SoB

Diphtheria

Aspergillus fumigatus causes...

Aspergillus

SoB, cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, diminished or absent breath sounds, bowel sounds in chest area

Diaphragmatic hernia

Coryza, slight raised temperature, intense coughing bouts, cyanosis

Whooping Cough

Congenital, obesity, persistent/severe coughing, lifting/straining, pregnancy

Inguinal hernia

Tender/red bumps on skin, SoB, persistent dry cough, clubbing

Sarcoidosis

Smoking, fumes/dust, severe air pollution cause

COPD

Inactivity, surgery, blood vessel damage, medical/genetic conditions, pregnancy, contraceptive pill cause...

DVT

Congenital, autosomal recessive condition

Cystic Fibrosis

Following pneumonia, bacteria (S. pneumoniae, S. aureus

Empyema

p to 80% cases due to respiratory syncytial virus

Bronchiolitis

Virus (H. influenza)

Influenza

Type B H. influenza or also other bacteria, fungus, viruses, trauma, smoking

Epiglottitis

Fibrous scarring following infection or chronic obstruction causes...

Bronchiectasis

Congenital, blunt or penetrating injury, surgery, severe/persistent cough

Diaphragmatic hernia

Fluid in the alveolar air spaces, cardiac Po oedema in alveolar walls and lumen, non-cardiac Po oedema, infective pneumonia, infarction, drug induced alveolitis, toxic gas/fumes, fibrosing alveolitis, autoimmune, dust-disease, carcinomatosis

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause

Diphtheria

Bacteria, following pneumonia, obstructions, lung abnormalities, or aspiration cause

Lung Abscess

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) diagnosis

Blood test, pulse oximetry, CXR, CT, echocardiogram

Damage to veins

Thrombophlebitis

Chest injury, lung disease, mechanical ventilation

Pneumothorax

Virus, coryza or influenza spreading to sinuses

Sinusitis

Fluid filling or collapse of alveoli, pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, pulmonary haemorrhage

Type 1 Respiratory Failure

Bacteria (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Tuberculosis

Asthma diagnosis

Spirometry and peak flow test

Congestive heart failure, pneumonia, liver disease, renal disease, cancer, PE

Pleural Effusion

Overreaction by immune system to infection

Sarcoidosis

Inadequate alveolar ventilation, COPD

Type 2 Respiratory Failure

Linked with smoking, passive smoking, or occupational exposure to chemicals

Lung Cancer

Aspergillus diagnosis

BAL, fungal culture, PCR, tissue histopathology

Congestive heart failure, kidney failure, lung damage, high altitude exposure, certain drugs cause

Pulmonary Oedema

Linked with asbestos exposure

Mesothelioma (cancer)

Virus (Type A or B H. influenza), aspiration, fungus, hospital-acquired

Pneumonia

Bronchiectasis diagnosis

Blood test, sputum test, lung function test, HRCT

Bronchiolitis diagnosis

PCR

COPD (include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.) diagnosis

Spirometry, CXR, blood tests

COPD (acute exacerbation) diagnosis

History

Cystic Fibrosis diagnosis

New-born screening, genetic testing, sweat test

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) diagnosis

Ultrasound Doppler leg scan, CT scan

Inactivity, surgery, blood vessel damage, medical/genetic conditions, pregnancy, contraceptive pill

Pulmonary Embolism

Diaphragmatic hernia diagnosis

CXR, CT, ultrasound, arterial blood gases

LVSD, mitral regurgitation/stenosis, multiple PE, vasculitis, drugs, HIV, cardiac left to right shunt

Pulmonary Hypertension

Diphtheria diagnosis

Gram stain or throat culture

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) diagnosis

CXR, lung biopsy

Empyema diagnosis

CXR, CT, ultrasound, blood tests for WTC count and C-reactive protein, thoracentesis

Epiglottitis diagnosis

Fibre-optic laryngoscopy, throat swab, blood tests to for WTC count, CXR, CT

Inguinal hernia diagnosis

Physical exam, further tests not usually indicated

Lung Abscess diagnosis

Sputum culture, CXR, CT

Lung Cancer diagnosis

WTC count, CXR, CT, bronchoscopy or thoracoscopy or biopsy of metastases (depending on location)

Mesothelioma (cancer) diagnosis

CXR, CT, fluid drainage, thoracoscopy

Pleural Effusion diagnosis

CXR, CT, ultrasound, thoracentesis

Pneumothorax diagnosis

CXR

Pneumonia diagnosis

Sputum test, blood test, CXR

Pulmonary Oedema diagnosis

Blood tests, oximetry, arterial blood gases, CXR, echocardiogram, ECG

Pulmonary Embolism diagnosis

ECG, D-dimers( usually raised), isotope lung scan, CT pulmonary angiogram, echocardiogram

Pulmonary Hypertension diagnosis

ECG, CXR, SaO2 and arterial blood gases, pulmonary function test, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterisation, CT pulmonary angiogram, cardiac MRI

Sarcoidosis diagnosis

CXR, CT, bronchoscopy, biopsy

Tuberculosis diagnosis

Culture, ZN stain microscopy, PCR

Type 1 Respiratory Failure diagnosis

Arterial blood gases

Type 2 Respiratory Failure diagnosis

Arterial blood gases

Resp conditions Flashcards

(92 cards)