Byzantine Architecture

Question 1

The three historical periods of Byzantine Art and architecture

Answer 1

Early Byzantine,
Middle Byzantine,
Late Byzantine

Question 2

Byzantium is located where?

Answer 2

At the intersection of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean

Question 3

Local Materials for Byzantine are?

Answer 3

Clay for bricks,
Rubble for concrete

Question 4

Byzantine architecture has flat roofs combined with domes(T or F)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Byzantine architecture has unbroken walls and arcade open courts(T or F)

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What established Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire

Answer 6

Edict of Milan

Question 7

Disputes in the Church resulted in the division of the WESTERN Orthodox and Eastern Roman Catholic Churches called the GREAT SCHISM

Answer 7

FALSE( Eastern Orthodox and Western Roman Catholic Churches)

Question 8

What forbade statues in any form and made colored pictures flat and stylized?

Answer 8

Iconoclastic Movement

Question 9

Means “image breaking”

Answer 9

Iconoclasm

Question 10

Presbysters cannot marry(T or F)

Answer 10

False(They can get married)

Question 11

The Eastern Orthodox Church has the Patriarch(True)

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Byzantine churches are characterized by what?

Answer 12

Cross in square plans with central domes

Question 13

The 3 basic spaces of Byzantine churches:

Answer 13

Narthex,
Nave,
Sanctuary

Question 14

The wall of icons and religious paintings separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church

Answer 14

Iconostasis

Question 15

A triangular curved overhanging surface that supports a circular dome over a square or a polygonal compartment.

Answer 15

Pendentive

Question 16

The 3 types of domes

Answer 16

Simple dome,
Compund dome
Special dome

Question 17

Type of dome where the dome and pendetive are parts of the same sphere

Answer 17

Simple Dome

Question 18

Type of dome where the dome is constructed separately from the pendentive

Answer 18

Compound dome

Question 19

How many types of compound domes are there?

Answer 19

Two

Question 20

3 types of special domes

Answer 20

Ribbed dome,
Serrate dome with jagged edges,
Bolbous dome

Question 21

A decorative art created by assembling small pieces of glass, tiles, or other materials.

Answer 21

Mosaic

Question 22

A piece of glass, tile or other material used in a mosaic.

Answer 22

Tessarae

Question 23

The ornament mentioned and given symbolic meaning in the Gospels. It also symbolizes Jesus.

Answer 23

Fish (Ikhthus)

Question 24

Symbol of peace and unity

Answer 24

Dove

Question 25

Emblem of of immortality and resurrection

Answer 25

Peacock

Question 26

Refers to Jesus' role as a sacrifice atoning for the sins of an in Christian theology

Answer 26

Lamb (Good Sheperd)

Question 27

The idea of a the vital union of the believers with Christ and among each other

Answer 27

Grapevine

Question 28

In the grapevine ornament, who is the vine and who is the branch?

Answer 28

Jesus as the vine, the people as the branches

Question 29

Emblem of eternity

Answer 29

Endless Knot

Question 30

Formed by superimposing the first two letters of the word "Christ" in greek

Answer 30

Chi Rho

Question 31

Art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water

Answer 31

Fresco Painting

Question 32

What are the three types of floor pavements?

Answer 32

Opus Alexandrinum, Opus Sectile, Oppus Tessellatum

Question 33

Type of floor pavement that utilizes tiny, geometrically shaped pieces of colored stones and glass that are arranged in geometric patterns dotted with large disks of semiprecious stones

Answer 33

Opus ALEXANDRINUM

Question 34

Floor pavement that is made from larger, specially cut pieces, usually tile or stone.

Answer 34

Opus Sectile

Question 35

Floor pavement that is usually used for backgrounds consisting of tiny pieces of tesserae

Answer 35

Opus Tesselatum

Question 36

Massive cubiform capitals that are often with dosseret block to support the voissoir of an arch

Answer 36

Columns

Question 37

The capitals of columns were carved with what?

Answer 37

Incised foliage, Animal forms

Question 38

What structure was a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, which later became an Imperial Mosque, and then a museum, and now a mosque again?

Answer 38

Hagia Sophia

Question 39

First significant church of the middle Byzantine period in Athens.

Answer 39

Church of the Holy Apostles

Question 40

It has 2 churches: the Theotokos (cross-in -square plan) and the Katholikon (domed-octagon plan). The wall is faced using the cloisonne technique where the stones are framed all around with bricks

Answer 40

Monastery Church of Hosios Loukas

Question 41

Three structures that dates to late 13th or early 14th century in date, have an attenuated cross-in-square core enveloped by a pi-shaped ambulatory.

Answer 41

* H. Panteleimon, H. Aikaterini, H. Apostoloi

Question 42

Combines a basilican ground plan with a cross-in-square, fivedomed gallery, the whole enveloped by porticoes, a belfry, and additional subsidiary spaces

Answer 42

Hodegetria Church

Question 43

The only Serbian monastery in Greece

Answer 43

Hilandar Monastery, (Mt. Athos, Greece)

Question 44

Meteora means what?

Answer 44

suspended in air

Question 45

The oldest meteora monastery

Answer 45

Holy Monastery of the Great Meteoron

Question 46

The 6 Monasteries of Meteora are:

Answer 46

Great Meteoron Varlaam Monastery Rousanou Monastery Holy Trinity Monastery St. Stephen Monastery St. Nicholas Anapafsas Monastery

Question 47

Two churches that are most distinctive for their colorful exteriors, combining brick and stone decoration with glazed ceramic disks and rosettes.

Answer 47

Pantokrator Church St. Ivan Aliturgetos

Question 48

Valued for its internal decoration of frescoes, one of the most exquisite painting masterpieces of the European art of the 13th century

Answer 48

Sopoćani Monastery, (Serbia)

Question 49

Tetrastyle cross-in-square church with side choruses invented by Saint Athanasios

Answer 49

Athonite type

Question 50

Structure that has a double octagonal shell with a domed octagonal core and is one of the finest Byzantine examples in Western Europe.

Answer 50

Basilica di San Vitale