C Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Pact between Nazi and USSR to not attack each other and split Poland
A
Nonaggression Pact
2
Q
System of fortification along France’s border with Germany
A
Maginot Line
3
Q
How does Germany avoid the Maginot Line?
A
Goes through Belgium
4
Q
Who led the French Resistance called Free French?
A
Charles DeGaulle
5
Q
Battle on June 18, 1940 was Germany’s 1st major defeat of war
A
Battle of Britain
6
Q
What was Germany’s plane to bomb then invade called?
A
Operation Sea Lion
Blitzkrieg
7
Q
“…we shall never surrender”
A
Winston Chuchill
8
Q
Britain’s Air Force consisting of Spitfire and Hurricane called?
A
Royal Air Force
9
Q
Germany’s Air Force? Had 2x as many planes as Britain
A
Luftwaffe
10
Q
Commander of Luftwaffe?
A
Herman Goering
11
Q
In response of Berlin bombing, Hitler retaliates with?
A
London Blitz
Area of London with Jews
12
Q
Germany’s encrypted Nazi messages that Allies were able to decipher?
A
Enigma Code Machine
13
Q
Hitler’s plan to invade Soviet Union
A
Operation Barbarossa
14
Q
“A date which will live in infamy.” ~Franklin Roosevelt
A
December 7, 1941
Pearl Habor
15
Q
What was Hitler’s mistake?
hint: did not learn from Napoleon
A
Two-Front War
16
Q
Reasons for invasion of USSR by Germany
A
Oil fields
Living space “lebensraum”
17
Q
1941-1944: Nazi encircle a city and use starvation as weapon
A
Battle of Leningrad
18
Q
Narrow sector of Ladoga Lake used by Soviets to get supplies
A
Road of Life
19
Q
Regions of Poland taken over by USSR
A
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Finland
20
Q
Germany’s border to France
A
Siegfried Line
21
Q
Called a phony war and means “sitting war”
A
Sitzkrieg
22
Q
Countries invaded by Germany in order to reach Britain
A
Denmark and Norway
23
Q
Germans trapped Allies forces in Lille where they escape to a port city (____)
Britain launches mass rescue fleet+civilians
A
Dunkirk
24
Q
What city fell to Germans on June 14, 1940?
A
Paris
25
Became prime minister of France and then head of puppet government in South France(Vichy)
Marshal Henri Petain
26
2 advantages Royal Air Force had over Luftwaffe
Radar
| Enigma
27
5 minor countries that join Axis Powers in 1941
1) Bulgaria
2) Romania
3) Hungary
4) Yugoslavia (British Gov. Resist)
5) Greece (British Gov. Resist)
28
Soviet General that counters German attacks on Moscow(Capital)
General Georgi Zhugov
29
Natural force that aids Soviets against Germans
Winter
30
Act passed by Congress from 1935-1937 - illegal to aid countries at war
Neutrality Acts
31
1941: Act passed that allows president to lend/lease arms/supplies to countries vital to US
Lend Lease Act
32
Signed by Roosevelt and Churchill on August 9, 1941
Upholds free trade and rights to choose gov.
Peace plan for after war
Atlantic Charter
33
German U-Boat sinking US Destroyer and vice versa leads to...
Undeclared Naval war
34
Damages of Pearl Harbor?
18 ships sunk (8 battle fleets)
| 2400 dead
35
Reason Japan targets Burma
Burma Road so China surrenders
36
Commanded the US's B-25 bombers that bombed Tokyo
Lieutenant Colonel James
37
Japanese attack on (___) stopped and saves Allie air base
Port Moreshy
38
Strategy of Allies to not defend but close in on Japanese islands
Island Hopping
39
Known to Japanese as "Island of Death"
Guadalcanal
40
How many crossed over the Road of Life during the Battle of Leningrad?
500,000+
41
How many Russians died at the Battle of Leningrad?
640,000-800,000
42
Sept. 1942-Feb. 1943: Turning point in war where the USSR defeats Nazis alone
Building to building fighting
City in rubble with snipers
Battle of Stalingrad
43
Resistance fighters that were penalty squadrons (hope for freedom over jail time)
Partisans
44
Alies retake control of N. Africa and use it as a launching point into Italy
North African Campaign
45
Reasons Germany targets Africa?
“Modern Roman Empire”
| Lebensraum
46
German General who led the Nazi Akrika Korps
“Desert Fox”
Used balloon tanks.
General Erwin Rommel
47
American General who was the Surpreme Allied Commander
Dwight Eisenhower
48
British Marshal who wanted to be Supreme Allied Commander
“Desert Rats"
Bernard Montgomery
49
American General who led the 1st tank battalion in WWI
Recovered Allied land equal to France
Took 1.2 million prisoners
George Patton
50
What did Germans blame the Nazi’s for?
WWI defeat and economic problems
51
Set of laws that strip Jews of their German citizenship and rights
Nuremberg Laws
52
November 1938: Nazi launch this major attack on Jewish communities
Kristallnacht
| “Night of Broken Glass"
53
What was the Final Solution?
Program of genocide by the Nazis
54
Who did the Nazis target? (Non-Aryan)
Gypsies, Poles, Russians, Homosexuals, Insane, Disabled, Ill
55
Where would the Jews be confined to live in before camps?
Ghettos
56
How many would die from gas chambers a day?
6000
57
What was the largest death camp?
Auschwitz
58
What kind of gas was used in the gas chambers?
Cyanide gas
59
What were neutral(safety) countries?
Switzerland
| Sweden
60
After the Nazi defeat in Africa, where was Rommel sent to?
France
61
Date/name of this event where the Allies began the invasion that leads to the liberation of France
June 6, 1994
| D-Day
62
Operation name of D-Day?
Operation Overlord
63
Rommel placed land mines along France coast called?
The Atlantic Wall
64
Patton led this “army” near Strait of Dover across Pas de Calais as a distraction
The Phantom Army
65
"The Invasion” groups along Normandy were called what? (5)
1) Utah
2) Omaha
3) Sword
4) Gold
5) Juno
66
Clickers used to assure it was an ally in the dark called?
Crickets
67
How many died at Omaha on the first day?
4000
68
Who led the plot to kill Hitler?
Claus von Stauffenberg
69
December 1944-January 1945: Hitler’s “last stand"
Battle of the Bulge
70
May 1945: Reichstag is taken over by Soviets
V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
71
Hebrew word for catastrophe?
Shoah
72
How many died in the Holocaust?
12 million (6 million Jews) (1 million children)
73
Prejudice against Jews called?
anti-semitism
74
What did Nazis call the ideal race?
Aryan
75
Leader of the SS?
Heinrich Himmler
76
Name of the mobile killing squads of SS?
Einsatzgruppen
77
Who were in charge of carrying out the Final Solution?
Heinrich Himmler
Reinhard Heydrich
Adolf Eichmann
78
First concentration camp called?
Dachau
79
Were Jews Germans?
Yes!
80
Name of the “science” that attempts to control and improve racial qualities of future generations?
Eugenics
81
Name of the program for the “incurably ill” where gas chambers first used and 200,000 died
The T-4 Program
82
Program called the “fountain of life” due to taking care of Aryan children
12 camps
250,000 kidnapped
The Lebensborn Program
83
Name of the German youth resistance?
The White Rose Society
84
Systematic, pre-planned, organized plan to kill all Jews?
Final Solution
85
1942: Meeting that decided the Final Solution?
Wannsee Conference
86
Only country to be completely ridden of Jews by the Germans?
Estonia
87
5 Concentration/Death camps?
1) Dachau
2) Buchenwald
3) Treblinka
4) Bergen-Belsen
5) Auschwitz
88
“_____ wins freedom."
Labor wins freedom.
89
Prisoners used for “experiments"
Medical and Military Research
90
Attempted to unlock “secrets” of human reproduction and multiple births
Racially Motivated Experiments
91
Known as the “Angel of Death"
Joseph Mengel
92
How many Jews did Poland lose?
3 million (90%)
93
October 23, 1942: General Montgomery led this battle called?
Battle of El Alamein
94
Operation to land troops in Morocco and Algeria
| Led by Eisenhower in which Rommel is defeated
Operation Torch
95
General who requested retreat at Stalingrad?
General Friedrich von Paulus
96
July 25, 1943: ____ fires and arrests Mussolini
King Victor Emmanuel III
97
Where was Mussolini executed?
Milan
98
Name of the family who used life savings to buy Red Cross a tank?
Shirmanovs
99
February 19, 1942: Program of ___ set up as Japanese considered threat
internment
100
Another name for Japanese born Americans
Nisei
101
Name of woman Hitler married?
Eva Braun
102
How did Hitler commit suicide?
poison and gun
103
October 23, 1944: Battle that knocks out Japanese navy from war
Battle of Leyte Gulf
104
Name of Japanese suicide bombers?
Kamikaze
105
Quickest end to war with Japan.
| Created by Manhattan Project.
A-Bomb (atomic bomb)
106
Head of Manhattan Project
General Leslie Groves
| J. Robert Oppenheimer
107
Three targets of A-Bomb
Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Tokyo
108
Who led the Nuremberg Trials?
International Military Tribunal
109
How many Nazis were tried at Nuremberg Trials?
22 Nazi leaders (12 convicted)
110
Nazi leaders who committed suicide?
Hitler, Himmler, Goebbels
111
Only Nazi to display remorse for actions?
Hans Frank
112
How many died in Japan?
2 million
113
Disbanding of Japanese armed forces which leaves small police force
Demilitarization
114
Process of creating a gov. elected by people.
Democratization
115
Country that Japan’s constitution for parliamentary democracy was modeled after
Britain
116
Goals of MacArthur while in Japan postwar
1) broaden land ownership
| 2) Up participation in gov. by farmers/workers
117
How much did the US send Japan in aid?
2 billion
118
After Emperor Hirohito admits he is not god he becomes a ___
constitutional monarch (figurehead)
119
Japan’s 2 house parliament called?
Diet
120
Who got to vote in Japan post war?
All citizens above 20
121
Article 9 of Japan Constitution says what about war?
Cannot make war. Only fight back.
122
What was the goal of island hopping?
Land, sea, air invasion
123
Who was the commander of the US Pacific Fleet?
Admiral Chester Nimitz
124
Who was the Commander of Allied Land Forces in Pacific?
General Douglas MacArthur
125
Japanese Minister of War ---> Prime Minister
Hideki Tojo
126
Commander of the Japanese Naval Force
Isoroku Yamamoto
127
May 1942: US is successful in stopping Japanese progression to Australia
No clear winner
Fought by airplanes
Battle of Coral Sea
128
US ship sunk in Battle of Coral Sea
USS Lexington
129
June 4-7, 1942: Japan’s first major Pacific defeat
Turning point in Pacific
Battle of Midway
130
US ship sunk in Battle of Midway?
USS Yorktown
131
“Pearl Harbor has now been partially avenged."
Nimitz
132
Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943: Japan’s first lose of territory
air -> sea ->jungle
Battle of Guadalcanal
133
Natives of Guadalcanal who helped allies?
Coastwatchers (Sir Jacob Vouza)
134
Casualties of Battle of Guadalcanal
US: 2000 dead
Japan: 24000 dead
135
Battle which Japanese fought from underground
Battle of Iwo Jima
136
Specific mountain Allies are able to take
Mt. Suribachi
137
Casualties of Battle of Iwo Jima?
Japan: 22000 dead
US: 6800 dead
138
Trials were held post war for?
Crimes against humanity
139
Reason by defendants of post war trials?
Following orders.
