C - Crude Oils And Fuels old Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in C - Crude Oils And Fuels old Deck (17)
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1
Q

Crude oil is a mixture of…

A

Hydrocarbons

2
Q

The hydrocarbons in crude oil are called….

A

Alkanes

3
Q

Alkanes are made up of chains of…

A

Carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms

4
Q

When the atoms have formed bonds with as many other atoms as they can - this means they are…

A

Saturated.

5
Q

The shorter the molecules - the more….

A

Runny the hydrocarbon is - that means the less gloopy it is (used for something such as refinery gas)

6
Q

Crude oil can be used for??? Name at least 3

A
Diesel 
Petrol
Oil
Jet fuel 
Bottled gas ( refinery gas )
Covering roads
Central heating systems in homes
Power stations to generate electricity
7
Q

What is the process of fractional distillation?

A

1 Heated crude oil piped in at the bottom.
2 The vaporised oil rises up the column.
3 The various fractions are constantly tapped off at the different levels where they condense.

8
Q

Crude oil is not _______ friendly because … (2)

A

ENVIRONMENTALLY
•Oil spills
•Burning oil is a major cause of global warming and acid rain.

9
Q

Crude oil will/will not run out

A

Will

10
Q

You do cracking to…

A

Split up the long chain hydrocarbons made by fractional distillation into more useful substances

11
Q

Cracking produces substances like…

A

Ethene

12
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking molecules down by heating them

13
Q

What is the process of cracking?

A
  • Heat long chain hydrocarbon atoms atoms to break down molecules to vaporise it
  • the vapour is passed over an aluminium catalyst at very high temperatures
  • the molecules split
14
Q

What is fermentation?

A

When sugar is heated to produce carbon dioxide and ethanol

15
Q

What test can you do to see if an alkaline is present?

A

Bromine test - goes from orange to colourless if present

16
Q

Alkenes can be used to make polymers (plastic) by a process called…

A

Polymerisation

17
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

When monomers are pressured together by a catalyst to create large molecules (polymers)