C - Environmental Problems of crude oil

Question 1

Oil ______ can happened when the oil is being transported by the tanker, these are awfully bad because…….

Answer 1

Spills

Animals such as birds, sea otters and whales get covered in oil and are poisoned whilst they try to clean themselves.

Question 2

You have to burn crude oil to release the energy from it. But burning oil is thought to be a major cause of… (3)

Answer 2

Global dimming, acid rain and global warming

Question 3

__% of crude oil is used as fuel

Answer 3

90

Question 4

Burning fossil fuels releases g_____ and p_______

Answer 4

Gases and particles

Question 5

What are the two major culprits of burning fossil fuels?

Answer 5

Power stations, cars

Question 6

Most fuels contain hydrocarbons and so during combustion the carbon and hydrogen molecules are reacted with ________ so that they release ______ _______ and _____ _____ into the atmosphere

Answer 6

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour

Question 7

What does oxidised mean?

Answer 7

Reacting with oxygen

Question 8

When there’s plenty of oxygen, all the fuel burns - this is called….

Answer 8

Complete combustion

Question 9

If there’s not enough oxygen, some of the fuel doesn’t burn - this is called…

Answer 9

Partial combustion

Question 10

Why is partial combustion dangerous?

Answer 10

Because soot, unburned fuel and carbon monoxide is released

Question 11

What are the 4 gases that are released in combustion…

Answer 11

• Carbon dioxide
• Sulfur dioxide
• Nitrogen
• Carbon monoxide

Question 12

Sulfur dioxide causes …

Answer 12

Acid rain

Question 13

What’s the name of the gas that causes acid rain?

Answer 13

Sulfur dioxide

Question 14

When sulfur dioxide mixes with clouds it forms dilute ______ ____

Answer 14

Sulfuric acid

Question 15

What does acid rain do? Why is it bad for the environment? name 2 things

Answer 15

• Causes lakes to become acidic
• And so many animals and plants die as a result
• Kills trees
• Damages limestone building

Question 16

International agreements have been put in place to reduce ________ of air pollutants

Answer 16

Emissions

Question 17

How can we reduce our Sulfur emission to stop things like acid rain? Name 2 ways

Answer 17

• Sulfur can be removed but it takes energy, usually from burning even more fuel
• Petrol and diesel are starting to be replaced by low-Sulfur versions
• Reduce our usage of fossil fuels
• Acid gas scrubbers take the harmful gases out before they release fumes into the atmosphere

Question 18

What’s the name of the solid particles produced in partial combustion?

Answer 18

Particulates

Question 19

How does increasing carbon dioxide affect climate change?

Answer 19

• the average temperature of the earth increases (global warming)
• this melts ice caps which can cause severe flooding

Question 20

What is global warming?

Answer 20

Where the average temperature of the earth increases

Question 21

Particles cause _______ ________

Answer 21

Global dimming

Question 22

What is global dimming?

Answer 22

Where particles released such as soot are reflected back into space so there is LESS SUNLIGHT

Question 23

Is global dimming scientifically proven?

Answer 23

Don’t think so

Question 24

Why are renewable fuels better than non renewable? (2)

Answer 24

Because they will never run out and they are more environmentally friendly

Question 25

Lost 3 alternative ways of powering cars...

Answer 25

Ethanol, biodiesel and hydrogen gas

Question 26

What is ethanol made out of?

Answer 26

The fermentation of plants and it's often mixed with petrol to make a better fuel

Question 27

What is biodiesel made out of?

Answer 27

Made from vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil. It can be mixed with diesel to run a Diesel engine.

Question 28

What is hydrogen has made out of?

Answer 28

Hydrogen which you can get from the electrolysis of water

Question 29

Name one negative and one positive of using ethanol as a fuel?

Answer 29

A: The plant absorbs the CO2 when it was growing before it was burnt so it is carbon neutral. D: engines have to be converted before they'll work with ethanol fuels and it isn't widely available

Question 30

Name one negative and one positive of using biodiesel as a fuel?

Answer 30

A - engines don't need to be converted, its carbon neutral D - expensive to make, could increase food prices

Question 31

Name one negative and one positive of using hydrogen gas as a fuel?

Answer 31

A - it's very clean as hydrogen combines with oxygen D - it isn't widely available , you need a special engine, it's hard to store