C Introduction to the human brain

Question 1

What does the brainstem control?

Answer 1

breathing and consciousness

Question 2

What separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 2

great longitudinal fissure

Question 3

What are the peaks in the cerebrum called?

Answer 3

Gyri

Question 4

What are the grooves in the cerebrum called?

Answer 4

sulci

Question 5

What is grey matter?

Answer 5

cell bodies

Question 6

What is white matter?

Answer 6

axons

Question 7

What are the 2 prominent sulcus of the brain?

Answer 7

1. central

2. lateral

Question 8

What is the post central gyrus involved in?

Answer 8

sensory cortex

Question 9

What is the pre central gyrus involved in?

Answer 9

motor cortex

Question 10

What are the 4 lobes of the brain and what is each lobe involved in?

Answer 10

1. Frontal lobe

decisions and motor cortex

2. Parietal

sensory and memories

3. Temporal

hearing and memory

4. Occipital

sight

Question 11

What does the IV ventricle contain?

Answer 11

CSF

Question 12

What is the diencephalon made up of and what does it contain?

Answer 12

thalamus and hypothalamus

control internal system - hunger and cold

Question 13

What is the relay system between the brainstem and the spinal cord?

Answer 13

thalamus

Question 14

What controls the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

What 3 swellings does the neural tube develop into?

Answer 15

1. Prosencephalon - Fore brain
2. Mesencephalon - Midbrain
3. Rhombencephalon - Hindbrain

Question 16

What are the primary brain vesicles? (3)

Answer 16

1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon

Question 17

What secondary brain vesicles does the prosencephalon split into? (2)

Answer 17

1. telencephalon

2. diencephalon

Question 18

What does the telencephalon and the diencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 18

Telencephalon - cerebral hemispheres

Diencephalon - diencephalon

Question 19

What secondary vesicles are formed from the mesencephalon?

Answer 19

Mesencephalon

Question 20

What does the mesencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 20

midbrain

Question 21

What secondary brain vesicles are formed from the rhombencephalon?

Answer 21

1. metencephalon

2. myelencephalon

Question 22

What does the met encephalon and mesencephalon form in the mature brain?

Answer 22

Metencephalon - Pons and cerebellum

Myelencephalon - medulla oblongata

Question 23

At what end do the 5 swellings of the CnS develop from?

Answer 23

rostral end

Question 24

What is the main venous return of the brain?

Answer 24

superior sagital sinus

Question 25

What are the 3 dural infoldings?

Answer 25

1. falx cerebri 2. tentorium cerebelli 3. falx cerebelli

Question 26

Where is the falx cerebri?

Answer 26

between cerebral hemispheres

Question 27

Where is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 27

between occipital lobes and cerebellum

Question 28

Where is the falx cerebelli?

Answer 28

between cerebellar hemispheres

Question 29

What are the sinuses involved in the venous drainage of the brain? (6)

Answer 29

1. sigmoid sinus 2. right transverse sinus 3. confluence of sinuses 4. straight sinus 5. superior sagital sinus 6. inferior sagital sinus

Question 30

What 2 pairs of arteries supply the brain?

Answer 30

1. vertebral artery | 2. internal carotid

Question 31

What are the 3 pairs of cerebellar arteries?

Answer 31

Ant, Pst and sup cerebellar arteries

Question 32

What are the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries?

Answer 32

Ant, post and middle cerebral

Question 33

What are the important arteries of the ventral brain stem? (9)

Answer 33

1. vertebral arteries 2. posterior inferior cerebellar artery 3. anterior inferior cerebellar artery 4. basilar artery 5. posterior cerebral artery 6. supeiror cerebellar artery 7. internal carotid artery 8. middle cerebral artery 9. anteior cerebral artery

Question 34

What lobe does the anterior cerebral artery supply and what does stroke in ACA result in?

Answer 34

frontal lobe opposite leg weakness

Question 35

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 35

frontal lobe lateral surfaces of temporal and parietal lobes

Question 36

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 36

temporal and occipital lobes

Question 37

What are branches of the middle cerebral artery and what is it commonly associated with?

Answer 37

Lenticulostriate arteries lacunar stroke - pure motor stroke