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History > C+P Medieval England 1000-1500 > Flashcards

C+P Medieval England 1000-1500 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What time period is Anglo-Saxon England?

A

c.1000 - c.1066

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2
Q

What is Collective Responsibility?

A

Community responsible for managing crime

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3
Q

Describe societal structure in AS England

A

King
Noblemen
Freemen
Serfs
Slaves

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4
Q

What was the King’s Peace?

A

The King’s law

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5
Q

Explain why there was little to no crime AS England (4 points)

A
  • Small communities so everyone knew each other
  • Collective Responsibility was very effective
  • The Church and the idea of going to Hell was a strong deterrent
  • Reeves had the power to punish criminals
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6
Q

Explain why crime was increasing in growing towns (2 points)

A
  • People did not know each other as there were larger populations
  • More valuable items for sale
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7
Q

Name 4 crimes against the person

A

Murder, assault, public disorder, rape

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8
Q

Name 3 crimes against property

A

Poaching
Theft
Arson

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9
Q

Name 3 crimes against Authority

A

Treason
Rebellion
Poaching

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10
Q

Name a social crime

A

Poaching

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11
Q

What is a tithing?

A
  • All men aged above 12 in a ‘hundred’
  • A hundred is a division of a shire
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12
Q

What is a hue and cry

A
  • Victim or a witness to a crime yelled to alert other
  • The whole community expected to hunt down criminal
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13
Q

What is an oath?

A

Swearing a promise ‘before god’
Accused could swear their innocence under oath

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14
Q

Who was a Shire Reeve

A

A person chosen locally to bring criminals to justice

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15
Q

State three features of trial by hot iron

A
  • mostly for women
  • made to hold burning rod of metal
  • if it healed well, they were innocent
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16
Q

State three features of trial by hot water

A
  • Mostly for men
  • made to place hand in boiling hot water
  • if it healed well they were innocent
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17
Q

State two features of trial by cold water

A
  • Thrown into a body of cold water blessed by God
  • If they sank they were innocent
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18
Q

State three features of trial by blessed bread

A
  • Only for priests
  • Accused would eat bread blessed by another priest
  • If they didn’t choke they were innocent
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19
Q

State four features of Wergild

A
  • Fine for murder
  • Paid to victim’s family
  • compensation would depend on the status of the victim
  • prevented blood feuds
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20
Q

For which two crimes was capital punishment the punishment and why was it used?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Treason and Arson
  • Retribution and Deterrence
21
Q

What are four example of corporal punishment? Why was it used?

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A

Beatings, Mutilation, Branding, Maiming
Deterrent

22
Q

Two examples of public humiliation

Study These Flashcards
A

Pillory - arms in holes
Stocks - ankle secures

23
Q

What year did the Normans invade?

24
Q

What did William do to assert his authority? (2 points)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Introduce new laws such as the Forest laws and the Murdrum fine
  • Extremely harsh punishments, especially against rebels
25
What did Normans do to intimate the Anglo Saxons?
Build motte and Bailey castles all over the land, especially on high land areas
26
What was the Feudal System?
The Norman version of a societal system where William was at the top and AS peasants at the bottom
27
What were the Forest Laws? (3 points)
- 30% land went to Crown - Only allowed to hunt by paying for hunting rights - illegal to hunt, graze animals, take wood without license
28
State 3 reasons why normal people hated the Forest laws
- Took away natural resources that people relied - Severe punishment for breaking laws - It was seen as a social crime
29
State three examples of law enforcement that remained the same
- King's Peace (renamed King's Mund) - Trial by Ordeal - Collective Responsibility (Tithings and Hue and Cry)
30
State four methods of law enforcement that were introduced with Norman rule
- Trial by Combat - Castle Building - Norman Shire Reeves - Foresters (enforce Forest Laws)
31
State three punishments that changed with Norman rule
- Wergild Fine replaced with Murdrum Fine - Brutal punishments for communities over induviduals - Increased use of death penalty
32
What was the Murdrum fine?
- if the murderer was not caught the entire community would have to pay a fine - the fine was paid to the king
33
What punishment was kept the same with Norman rule?
- corporal punishment - fines - hanging
34
When was the Later Medieval Period?
c.1200 - c.1500
35
What was the Statute of Labourers?
Made illegal to ask for higher wages
36
What were the New Hersey Laws?
Made it illegal to change the teachings of the Church as people heard of other religions
37
What began to replace the hue and cry in towns?
Governement appointed officials
38
What were the Assizes of Clarendon?
- Introduced by Henry ii - standardised laws - ordered royal judges to visit each country biannually
39
What was a coroner?
- Introduced by Richard i - used for when cause of death was dubious
40
Who were the Justices of the Peace?
- Knight - Landowners - Sent to help enforce the law - Answered directly to the King
41
Who were constables?
Local officials appointed to keep law and order
42
What new punishment was introduced in the Later Medieval Period?
Hung drawn and quartered - hung till just alive - castrated - cut into four
43
Why was the Church so influential? (4 point)
- Clergymen were highly educated and respected - Churches were large, intimidating buildings - People believed in heaven and hell - 20% of the country's wealth belonged to the Church
44
State two facts about Church Courts
- Were more lenient than normal courts - Focused on reform
45
Describe Sanctuary (3 points)
- Criminals could stay in a church without trial - 40 days to leave the country - powerful churches like Westminster Abbey could provide permanent sanctuary
46
Describe the neck verse (3 points)
- A psalm from the bible that could prove you as a member of the clergy - benefit of the clergy meant you were ONLY tried in a church court - was exploited by criminals who memorised the 'neck verse'
47
Which king was the first to challenge the power of the church?
Henry ii (think Assizes of Clarendon!)
48
What did the Trials by Ordeal change to?
Trial by Jury

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