C P1 -Chemical Changes

Question 1

What is the salt that comes from hydrochloric acid?

Answer 1

Hydrochloric acid = Chloride salt

Question 2

What is the salt that comes from sulfuric acid?

Answer 2

Sulfuric acid = Sulfate salt

Question 3

What is the salt that comes from nitric acid?

Answer 3

Nitric acid = Nitrate salt

Question 4

What is the equation for neutralisation?

Answer 4

Neutralisation = sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid > sodium chloride + water

Question 5

What is reduction?

Answer 5

Reduction is when oxygen is removed from a compound during a reaction

Question 6

What is oxidation?

Answer 6

Oxidation is when oxygen is gained by a compound during a reaction

Question 7

What charge are the ions which are produced by metals?

Answer 7

Metals produce positive ions when they react

Question 8

How does the reactivity change in group 1 metals?

Answer 8

In group 1 metals, the reactivity increases down the group

Question 9

What happens when group 2 metals react with acid?

Answer 9

When reacted with acid, group 2 metals fizz and their temperature increases

Question 10

Does group 2 metals react with water?

Answer 10

Group 2 metals do not react with water

Question 11

Does zinc, iron and copper react with water?

Answer 11

Zinc, iron and copper does not react with water

Question 12

What happens when Zinc and Iron react with acid?

Answer 12

Zinc and iron react slowly with acid

Question 13

Does copper react with acid?

Answer 13

Copper does not react with acid

Question 14

What are metals called which are unreactive?

Answer 14

Unreactive metals are called native metals

Question 15

What happens in a redox reaction?

Answer 15

In a redox reaction, the metal donates electrons to the hydrogen ions. This displaces hydrogen as a gas while the metal ions are left in the solution

Question 16

What is a redox reaction between?

Answer 16

Redox reaction is between metals and acids

Question 17

What is electrolysis?

Answer 17

Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed into simpler substances when an electric current passes through them

Question 18

What are electrolytes?

Answer 18

Electrolytes are the free ions that comes from a melted or dissolved ionic compound, which can conduct electricity

Question 19

What is a positive electrode called?

Answer 19

A positive electrode is called the anode

Question 20

What is a negative electrode called?

Answer 20

A negative electrode is called the cathode

Question 21

What are cations?

Answer 21

Cations are positive ions

Question 22

What are anions?

Answer 22

Anions are negative ions

Question 23

Where does the cation move?

Answer 23

The cation moves to the negative cathode

Question 24

Where does the anion move?

Answer 24

The anion moves to the positive anode

Question 25

What substance will be produced at the negative electrode if it is less reactive than hydrogen?

Answer 25

The negative electrode produces metals

Question 26

What is produced from the positive electrode?

Answer 26

The positive electrode produces oxygen

Question 27

What do the discharged ions depend on in aqueous solutions?

Answer 27

The discharged ions in aqueous solutions depend on the relative reactivity of the elements involved

Question 28

What happens to strong acids in aqueous solutions?

Answer 28

In aqueous solutions, acids are completely ionised

Question 29

What happens to weak acids in aqueous solutions?

Answer 29

In aqueous solutions, weak acids are partially ionised

Question 30

How are soluble salts made?

Answer 30

Soluble salts can be made from reacting acids with solid insoluble substances eg metal and metal oxide

Question 31

What is the process of making soluble salts?

Answer 31

Soluble salts are produced by adding solid to an acid until no more dissolves, and then filtering off excess solid and then crystallise to produce solid salts

Question 32

What ions do acids produce?

Answer 32

Acids produce H+ ions (hydrogen ions)

Question 33

What ions do alkalis produce?

Answer 33

Alkalis produce OH- ions (hydroxide ions)

Question 34

How can you show what is happening at an electrode?

Answer 34

You can show what is happening at an electrode by using half equations

Question 35

How can metals be extracted from molten compounds?

Answer 35

You can extract metals from molten compounds using electrolysis

Question 36

When is electrolysis carried out to extract metals?

Answer 36

Electrolysis is carried out to extract metals when the metal is too reactive to be extracted by reduction with carbon

Question 37

What is the issue with using electrolysis?

Answer 37

Electrolysis is expensive due to the large amount of energy needed to produce the electric current

Question 38

What ions are involved in aqueous solutions?

Answer 38

In aqueous solutions, H+ and OH- ions are produced

Question 39

What will happen to the metal if it is more reactive than hydrogen?

Answer 39

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, then hydrogen will form at the cathode

Question 40

What will happen to the metal if it is less reactive than hydrogen?

Answer 40

If the metal is less reactive than hydrogen, then the metal will form at the cathode

Question 41

What are the ions involved in brine (sodium chloride solution) (NaCl) ?

Answer 41

The ions involved in brine include, Na+, Cl-, H+, OH-

Question 42

What will happen at the cathode during the electrolysis of brine? (sodium chloride solution)

Answer 42

At the cathode during the electrolysis of brine,2 H+ ions are gaining 2 electrons to form H2. This is because hydrogen always comes in pairs so the equation will have to be balanced. Also because they are at the cathode and hydrogen is a positive ion, it will be reduced and will gain electrons.

Question 43

What will happen at the anode during the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution)

Answer 43

At the anode during the electrolysis of brine, 2 CL- ions lose 2 electrons to form Cl2. This is because chlorine always comes in pairs so the equation will have to be balanced. Also because they are at the anode and chlorine is a negative ion, it will be oxidised and lose electrons.

Question 44

What happens at the cathode in electrolysis?

Answer 44

In electrolysis, the cathode produces positive ions where they are reduced and gain electrons

Question 45

What happens at the anode in electrolysis?

Answer 45

In electrolysis, the anode produces negative ions which are oxidised and lose electrons

Question 46

What does the acronym PANIC stand for?

Answer 46

PANIC stands for positive is the anode, negative is cathode

Question 47

What does the acronym OILRIG stand for?

Answer 47

OILRIG stands for oxidation is loss (of electrons), Reduction is gain (of electrons)

Question 48

Which subatomic particle do acids produce in water?

Answer 48

Acids produce protons in water

Question 49

Which type of solution do acids ionise in?

Answer 49

Acids ionise in aqueous solutions

Question 50

What happens when strong acids ionise completely in water?

Answer 50

When strong acids ionise completely in water, all the acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

Question 51

What is a reversible reaction?

Answer 51

A reversible reaction is when the products can be turned back into the reactants, which sets up an equilibrium between the dissociated and undissociated acids.

Question 52

If the concentration of H+ ions is high, what happens to the rate of reaction?

Answer 52

If the concentration of H+ ions is high, the rate of reaction will be faster

Question 53

Why are strong acids more reactive than weak acids?

Answer 53

Strong acids are more reactive than weak acids because they have a high concentration of h+ ions and so the rate of reaction will be faster

Question 54

For every decrease of 1 on the pH scale, the concentrations of H+ ions increases by _ _ _ _

Answer 54

For every decrease of 1 on the pH scale, the concentrations of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10

Question 55

What does the concentration of an acid measure?

Answer 55

The concentration of an acid measures how watered down that acid is