C P1 - Atomic structure and periodic table

Question 1

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 1

The relative mass of a proton is 1

Question 2

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 2

The relative mass of a neutron is 1

Question 3

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 3

The relative mass of an electron is 0

Question 4

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 4

The relative charge of a proton is +1

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

The relative charge of a neutron is 0

Question 6

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 6

The relative charge of an electron is -1

Question 7

What is the mass number of an element?

Answer 7

The mass number of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons (their top number)

Question 8

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 8

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom

Question 9

What is a mixture?

Answer 9

A mixture is when two or more elements or compounds are not chemically combined together

Question 10

What are the five ways elements/compounds can be separated?

Answer 10

Elements or compounds can be separated by filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography

Question 11

What is filtration? + an example

Answer 11

Filtration is when an insoluble solid is separated from a liquid eg getting sand from a mix of sand, salt and water

Question 12

What is crystallisation? + an example

Answer 12

Crystallisation is to separate a solid from a solution eg obtaining pure crystals from saltwater

Question 13

What is simple distillation? + an example

Answer 13

Simple distillation is to separate a solvent from a solution eg obtaining pure water from saltwater

Question 14

What is fractional distillation? + an example

Answer 14

Fractional distillation is separating a mixture of liquids each with different boiling points eg separating different compounds in crude oil

Question 15

What is chromatography? + an example

Answer 15

Chromatography is the process by which you separate substances that move at different rates through a medium eg separating out dyes in food colouring

Question 16

What are isotopes?

Answer 16

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons

Question 17

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 17

The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of products = total mass of reactants

Question 18

What is the 1897 plum pudding model?

Answer 18

The 1897 plum pudding model showed that an atom must contain small negative charges, which resulted in the discovery of electrons. It showed a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 19

Who discovered the plum pudding model?

Answer 19

The plum pudding model was discovered by JJ Thompson

Question 20

What is Rutherford’s scattering experiment?

Answer 20

Rutherford’s scattering experiment showed that alpha particles passed right through the foil, whereas the positive particles were deflected by the positive nucleus. This showed that the mass was concentrated at the centre of the atom.

Question 21

What did James Chadwick discover?

Answer 21

James Chadwick provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus

Question 22

What did the 1909 nucleus model show?

Answer 22

The 1909 nuclear model showed that there is a positively charged nucleus at the centre which is surrounded by negative electrons

Question 23

What did the 1913 Bohr model show?

Answer 23

The 1913 Bohr model showed that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances in fixed shells

Question 24

Where are the metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 24

The metals are to the left of the periodic table

Question 25

Where are the non-metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 25

The non-metals are located to the right of the periodic table

Question 26

What are the characteristics of metals?

Answer 26

Metals form positive ions, they are good electrical conductors, high melting and boiling points, ductile, malleable

Question 27

What are the characteristics of non-metals?

Answer 27

The characteristics of non-metals include good insulators, low melting and boiling points

Question 28

How does the reactivity change for halogens in the periodic table?

Answer 28

For halogens, the reactivity decreases down the group as there will be an increasing proton number meaning an electron is more easily gained

Question 29

How do the melting and boiling points change for halogens in the periodic table?

Answer 29

The melting and boiling points increase down the group for halogens in the periodic table as the mass number increases

Question 30

Are noble gases reactive or non-reactive?

Answer 30

Noble gases are unreactive as they have full outer shells

Question 31

How do the boiling points change for noble gases in the periodic table?

Answer 31

In the periodic table, the boiling points increase down the group for noble gases due to their increasing atomic number

Question 32

What are the differences between transition metals to group 1?

Answer 32

Transmition metals are less reactive, harder, denser and have higher melting points

Question 33

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 33

Transition metals have many different ion possibilities with different charges, they are used as catalysts, and form coloured compounds

Question 34

Metal + Oxygen -> ?

Answer 34

Metal + Oxygen -> Metal Oxide

Question 35

Metal + Water -> ?

Answer 35

Metal + Water > Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 36

Metals + Chlorine -> ?

Answer 36

Metal + Chlorine -> Metal Chloride

Question 37

What are the propertes of alkali metals?

Answer 37

Alkali metals are very reactive with oxygen, water and chlorine as they only have one 1 electron in their outer shell ( formin +1 positive ions), their reactivity increases down the group as the negative outer electron is further away from the positive nucleus so more is easily lost

Question 38

How were elements arranged before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 38

Before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons, elements were arranged in order of their atomic weight

Question 39

Why are elements arranged in groups?

Answer 39

Elements are arranged in groups as they have similar properties and have the same number of outer shell electrons

Question 40

Why are elements arranged in periods?

Answer 40

Elements arranged in periods have the same number of electron shells