c. Siege of Berwick (1296)

Question 1

What was the cause of Edward’s invasion of Scotland?

Answer 1

To punish King John Balliol for aligning with France

This invasion was part of the larger conflict between England and Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Question 2

Describe the size and composition of the English army during the invasion.

Answer 2

Large army with siege weapons and naval support

The English forces were well-equipped and organized, which was a significant advantage in their military campaigns.

Question 3

How were the Scottish defenders equipped?

Answer 3

Poorly equipped, mostly foot soldiers and militia

This lack of resources contributed to their challenges in defending against the English invasion.

Question 4

What significant victory did Edward achieve during the invasion?

Answer 4

Stormed Berwick, massacring thousands and taking control of the town

This victory demonstrated Edward’s military strength and brutality.

Question 5

What were the outcomes of Edward’s actions in Scotland?

Answer 5

Scotland was weakened; Edward imposed direct rule

The imposition of direct rule led to increased tensions and resistance among the Scottish populace.

Question 6

What was the situation in Scotland at the time of Edward’s death in 1307?

Answer 6

Scotland remained hostile, leading to further conflicts

The ongoing hostility indicated that the issues between England and Scotland were far from resolved.