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MRT Year 2 > C-Spine Comp > Flashcards

C-Spine Comp Flashcards

1
Q

What does the spinal canal contain?

A

Spinal cord and CSF

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2
Q

Parts of the spinal cord?

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1 (conus medullaris)

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4
Q

2 primary curves of the spine?

A
  1. Thoracic

2. Sacral

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5
Q

2 compensatory curves of the spine?

A
  1. Cervical (from baby lifting head and sitting up)

2. Lumbar (from baby walking)

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6
Q

Another word for kyphosis?

A

Humpback

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7
Q

Another word for lordosis?

A

Swayback

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8
Q

What pass through the intervertebral foramina?

A

Blood vessels/nerves

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9
Q

What are the intervertebral disk spaces for?

A

Absorbing shock

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10
Q

Parts of an intervertebral disk?

A
  • Annulus fibrosis (outside)

- Nucelus pulposus (inside)

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11
Q

Things specific to C-spine vertebrae?

A
  • transverse foramina
  • bifid spinous processes
  • overlapping vertebral bodies
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12
Q

C1 AKA?

A

Atlas

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13
Q

C2 AKA?

A

Axis

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14
Q

What are the articular pillars of C1 called?

A

Lateral masses

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15
Q

What degree of rotation is needed to see the foramina?

A

45 degrees, side farthest from the IR

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16
Q

What degree of rotation is needed to see the zygapophyseal joints?

A

90 degrees

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17
Q

What are the lateral masses for?

A
  • assist in rotation

- support the weight of the head

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18
Q

Occipitoatlantal joint classification

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • ellipsoid/condyloid
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19
Q

C1-C2 R/L atlantoaxial joints (lateral)

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • plane/gliding
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20
Q

C1-C2 medial atlantoaxial joint (dens) joint classification

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • pivot/trochoid
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21
Q

Intervertebral disk space joint classification?

A
  • synovial
  • amphiarthrodial
  • cartilaginous/symphysis
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22
Q

Zygapophyseal joint classification

A
  • synovial
  • diarthrodial
  • plane/gliding
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23
Q

T spine foramina seen at what degree of rotation?

A

90 degrees

24
Q

T Spine zygapophyseal joints seen at what degree of rotation?

A

70-75 degrees

25
Why are upright C-spines preferred?
- demonstrate alignment and ligament stability - natural curvature of the spine - shoulders depressed
26
How to reduce dose on C-spine obliques?
PA obliques, less dose to thyroid
27
What is orthostatic breathing used for?
On T-spine to blue out overlying structures
28
Clay shoveller's fracture?
- hyperflexion - avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C6-T1 - seen on lateral C-spine
29
Compression fracture?
- associated with osteoporosis - collapse of a vertebral body - increases kyphosis - seen on lateral projection
30
Hangman's fracture?
- pedicle of C2 with or without subluxation of C2 on C3 - extreme hyperextension - seen on lateral C-spine, anterior displacement of C2
31
Jefferson's fracture?
- comminuted fracture of the anterior/posterior arch of C1 - landing on head or feet - AP odontoid, lateral c-spine
32
Odontoid fracture?
- dens fracture, can be extended into lateral masses/arches - AP odontoid - 3 classes
33
3 classes of odontoid fracture?
1. Top of dens: rare, potentially unstable 2. Base of dens: unstable 3. Extends to lateral masses: best prognosis for healing
34
Teardrop/burst fracture?
- compression with hyperflexion - comminuted vertebral body fracture with triangular fragments avulsed from anteroinferior vertebral body - posterior vertebral body in spinal canal - quadriplegia/neurological damage
35
Bowtie artifact?
- lateral c-spine - vertebral body rotated on axis - zygapophyseal joint out of alignment
36
Bilateral locked facets?
-both zygapophyseal joints disrupted
37
HNP "slipped disk"
- nucleus pulposus protrudes through the annulus fibrosis into spinal canal - most common L4/L5
38
Kyphosis?
- extreme convex curvature of the spine | - caused by: compression fracture in osteoporotic patients, poor posture, rickets, other
39
Scoliosis?
- lateral curvature of the spine | - most common in children 10-14, girls
40
Osteoarthritis?
-degeneration of a joint
41
Osteoporosis?
-decreased bone density
42
Scheurermann's disease?
- begins in adolescence - abnormal spine curvature of kyphosis and scoliosis - more common in boys - symptoms disappear, but some curvature still remains
43
Spondylitis
Inflammation of the vertebrae
44
Ankylosing spondylitis?
- men ages 20-40 - inflammation of the SI, intervertebral, costovertebral joints, paraspinal calcification and ossification, fusions of joints (ankylosing)
45
Spondylosis?
-age related degeneration of the intervertebral disk spaces
46
Transitional vertebra?
- incidental finding | - vertebrae takes on the characteristics of the adjacent region of the spine
47
What are flexion/extension laterals for?
- demonstrate the anterior/posterior vertebral mobility | - rule out whip lash or post op
48
Fuchs vs Judd views?
Fuchs: AP, cephalad angle Judd: PA, caudad angle -to demonstrate the upper portion of the dens when not well visualized on the odontoid view
49
AP wagging jaw?
- to visualize C1-T2 | - jaw in continuous movement during exposure
50
AP Axial-vertebral arch (pillars)
- C4-C7 vertebral pillars/spinous processes (with whip lash) - 20-30 degrees caudad - hyperextended neck
51
Lateral C-spine: vertebral foramina of C1 seen
Head tilted towards the IR, adjust inter pupillary line perpendicular to IR
52
Lateral c-spine: posterior arch of C1 is in profile, but the cranial occipital cortices and the mandibular rami are not aligned?
Head tilted away from the IR
53
What view demonstrated a Jefferson #?
Odontoid
54
What do the oblique views demonstrate?
-stenosis of the intervertebral foramen
55
Angling for AP c-spine?
- 15 degrees cephalad when supine | - 20 degrees cephalad when upright or when lordotic curve evident

MRT Year 2 (18 decks)

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