C01 & C02 Flashcards
(46 cards)
System:
Parts working together to accomplish a common goal.
System thinking approach:
An analysis that looks at the entire process by considering each part of the system and how they work together.
Information systems:
Technology, people, and processes that transform data into useful information for decision-making.
Technology:
The use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Hardware:
Physical pieces of a computer.
Software:
Set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
Operating systems:
A program that controls a computer’s resources.
An operating system is written for a specific type of hardware.
Application software:
Programs designed to perform a specific function or a specific set of functions for end users.
Application software are written for a specific operating system.
People:
All people that imagine, develop and support the information systems.
Process:
A series of steps taken to achieve a goal.
A better process = more competitive advantage.
Data:
Raw facts.
Binary Digits (Bits):
The basic unit of information in computer systems that represents data.
Binary value: 0 and 1.
Bytes: K, MB, GB, TB, PB
A group of 8-bits that represents one character.
K: Kilobyte = 1024 Bytes
MB: Megabyte: 1024 K
GB: Gigabyte: 1024 MB
TB: Terabyte = 1024 GB
PB: Petabyte = 1024 TB
For data to be valuable it needs to be:
- Accessible: Easy for users to access.
- Consistent: Same measurements and structured used.
- Timely: Delivered when needed.
- Accurate: No errors.
- Cost: Balance the value of the information with the cost of producing it.
- Relevant: The data is important to decision-makers.
- Clear: The data is easy to understand.
Information:
Data that has context and purpose.
People: Creators
Design, develop and build information systems.
People: Operations and administrations
Focused on the day-to-day operations and administration of IT.
Users:
Ones who use information systems.
Motherboard:
Connects all computer hardware parts together, and transfers data between them.
CPU (Central Processing Unit):
Processes input data, fetches instructions from the software on how the process this data, executes the process.
Performs most of the processing.
The software tells the CPU what operations to perform and in what order.
Has a small amount of very fast memory = cache which keeps frequently used insturctions.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
A form of data that is only able to hold data while the computer is turned on. It temporarily holds data that the CPU currently needs to run a program. Allows for faster processing (so the CPU can execute the instructions faster = run the program faster).
Explanation:
When a computer is running a program, the program and its data are loaded into RAM so that the CPU can quickly access them. RAM stores the data that the CPU is currently working on, as well as data that the CPU is likely to need next.
RAM allows the CPU to access the data and instructions it needs without having to wait for the slower storage devices like hard disk drives. This makes the computer run faster and more efficiently.
Memory swapping: CPU loads the program into the RAM is small chunks and the OS will remove the chunk of data that was used to replace with requested data.
Temporary memory to help the CPU carry out the operating system’s instructions.
Channels/ bus are used to transfer data between the CPU and other components in the computers (like memory, and storage).
ROM (Read Only Memory)
A type of memory that stores permanent instructions. The instructions to boot the machine are stored in the ROM.
Hard Drives
A non-volatile storage device that stores memory (data) on rapidly spinning/ magnetic disks, specifically data is stored in the tracks and sectors of the magnetic disk.
Cloud:
Storage that users can access via the internet to store, manage and process data, and run software applications.
Multiple users can access it to collaborate (ex. Google Drive).
