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Question 1

\what is an element?

Answer 1

a substance that can’t be broken down into any other substance
- made up of 1 an atom that can bond together

Question 2

what are compounds?

Answer 2

made up of atoms of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together
- atoms of elements react in chemical reactions to from compounds

Question 3

how are compounds separated?

Question 4

what is a mixture?

Answer 4

a substance that contains 2 or more different elements or compounds
- NOT chemically bonded

Question 5

how are mixtures separated?

Answer 5

by physical processes such as filtration distillation
- don’t involve chemical reactions —->
so the elements and compounds don’t change (they are only separated from each other)

Question 6

what are molecules made of?

Answer 6

one or more atoms that have bonded together
- those atoms can be the same element or different

Question 7

what is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 7

2 atoms

Question 8

what is filtration?

Answer 8

method for separating insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 9

what is crystalisation?

Answer 9

• used to form solid crystals from a solution
• used to separate soluble solid from a liquid

Question 10

what is simple distillation used for?

Answer 10

used to separate a liquid from a solid

Question 11

what is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 11

used to separate a mixture of different liquid
- these liquids must have different boiling point

Question 12

what is chromatography used for?

Answer 12

to separate substances based on their different solubilities
- is used to separate mixtures of more than 1 soluble solvent.

Question 13

what are all substances made of?

Answer 13

atoms

Question 14

what is atomic mass?

Answer 14

protons + neutrons

Question 15

what is atomic number?

Answer 15

protons

Question 16

what are the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 16

protons, neutron and electrons

Question 17

what are atoms?

Answer 17

the smallest part of an element that can exist

Question 18

what is charge and mass of protons?

Answer 18

charge = +1
mass = 1

Question 19

what is the charge and mass of neutrons?

Answer 19

charge = 0
mass = 1

Question 20

what is the charge and mass of electrons?

Answer 20

charge = -1
mass = 1/2000

Question 21

how do you work out the number of electrons?

Answer 21

electrons = number of protons

Question 22

how do you work out the number of neutrons

Answer 22

atomic mass- atomic number

Question 23

what are protons neutrons and electrons? where are they found?

Answer 23

they subatomic particles
protons and neutrons found in nucleus
electrons found on energy shells

Question 24

what does subatomic mean?

Answer 24

inside an atom

Question 25

what is the equations for Relative atomic mass?

Answer 25

Ar = (% of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1) + ( % of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2) all divided by 100

Question 26

what are isotopes?

Answer 26

atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 27

what are group 1 elements known as?

Answer 27

alkali metals

Question 28

what 3 properties of group 1 metals

Answer 28

soft, grey and shiny

Question 29

what are group 1 metals stored in?

Answer 29

oil because they would reactive with the oxygen in the air rapidly

Question 30

what happens when group 1 metals are placed in water?

Answer 30

they produce an alkali and hydrogen gas

Question 31

Are elements more/less reactive as you go down group 1?

Answer 31

more reactive

Question 32

why are elements more reactive as you go down group 1?

Answer 32

-the outer electron shell is further from the nucleus and more shielded by other shells -the electrostatic force of attraction between the outer electron and nucleus is weaker - easier for outer electron to be lost

Question 33

what ions does group 7 form?

Answer 33

1-

Question 34

are elements more or less reactive as you go down group 7?

Answer 34

less reactive

Question 35

why are elements less reactive as you go down group 7?

Answer 35

1. there are more electron shells 2. the outer shell if further from the nucleus 3. the electrostatic forces of attraction between free electron and nucleus is weaker 4. harder to attract an electron into the outer shell

Question 36

what are group 7 elements known as?

Answer 36

Halogens

Question 37

does the melting and boiling point increase or decrease as you go down group 7?

Answer 37

increase

Question 38

what do group 7 elements form when they reactive with other non-metal

Answer 38

covalent compounds

Question 39

what do group 7 elements form when they reactive with metals

Answer 39

ionic compounds

Question 40

is group 0 reactive or unreactive?

Answer 40

unreactive because they have have a full outer shell so don't need to lose or gain electrons

Question 41

what happens to the boiling point as you go down group 0?

Answer 41

boiling point increases

Question 42

who created the Law of Octaves?

Answer 42

John Newlands

Question 43

what did John Newland order the periodic table by?

Answer 43

atomic weight

Question 44

who grouped metals and non-metals together?

Answer 44

John Newland

Question 45

what did Dimitri Mendeleev order the periodic table by?

Answer 45

atomic weight

Question 46

what is the modern periodic table ordered by?

Answer 46

atomic number

Question 47

what consisted of Dimitri Mendeleevs periodic table? 2

Answer 47

-left gaps for undiscovered elements - predicted properties of undiscovered elements

Question 48

what did John Dalton discover? when?

Answer 48

At the start of the 19th century atoms were described as solid spheres

Question 49

who suggested the Plum Pudding model? when?

Answer 49

JJ Thomson in 1897

Question 50

what did Ernest Rutherford discover? when?

Answer 50

The Alpha scattering experiment - 1909 -only the nucleus is + charged -most of the atom is empty space

Question 51

what did Niels Bohr discover? when?

Answer 51

around 1911- electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus

Question 52

what did James Chadwick discover when?

Answer 52

around 1940 - there are neutrons in the nucleus

Question 53

In what year were electrons discovered? by who?

Answer 53

1897 - J.J Thomson

Question 54

In what year were protons discovered? by who?

Answer 54

1909 - Ernest Rutherford

Question 55

in what year were neutrons discovered? by who?

Answer 55

1932 - James Chadwick

Question 56

who is the prime minister

Answer 56

kier starmer | labour party ## Footnote elected in 2024