C1

Question 1

describe formation of a solid?

Answer 1

.strong forces of attraction between particles
.regular lattice arrangement
.organised rows and columns - touching
.keep their defined shape and volume
.vibrate

Question 2

describe the formation of a liquid?

Answer 2

.some force of attraction between particles
.free to move past each other, still touching though
.don’t keep defined shape - can flow
.do keep same volume
.constantly moving

Question 3

describe the formation of a gas?

Answer 3

.basically no force of attraction between particles
.free to move
.don’t keep defined shape or volume
.constantly moving

Question 4

what is good about physical changes?

Answer 4

easily reversible

Question 5

Who is John Dalton?

Answer 5

A man who described atoms in the 19th century as solid spheres

Question 6

Who was JJ Thompson?

Answer 6

1897 proved atoms weren’t solid spheres
.found out about electrons
.Plum Pudding Model

Question 7

What did the plum pudding model look like?

Answer 7

a circle with electrons dotted round on the inside

Question 8

Who was Rutherford?

Answer 8

1909 he proved plum pudding model to be wrong using the gold foil experiment

Question 9

What was the gold foil experiment?

Answer 9

firing positively charged alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold

Question 10

what did they expect to happen in the gold foil experiment?
what actually happened?

Answer 10

.particles to pass straight through the sheet
and deflected at most
-because positive charge of each atom was thought to be very spread out
.most particles did pass through some were deflected more than expected

Question 11

What theory did the gold foil experiment lead Rutherford to making?

Answer 11

.nuclear atom
.positively charged nucleus at centre
.surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons

Question 12

What are protons?

Answer 12

in nucleus
heavy and positively charged

Question 13

Why was gold used in the gold foil experiment by Rutherford?

Answer 13

it was the only metal that could be rolled out to be very thin without cracking

Question 14

Who was Bohr and what did he discover?

Answer 14

.showed that electrons were contained in shells
-Rutherford’s method wouldn’t make sense as electrons would be attracted to nucleus causing atom to collapse-
.each shell had a fixed energy

Question 15

What are neutrons?

Answer 15

in nucleus
heavy
neutrally charged

Question 16

Proton
relative mass

Answer 16

1

Question 17

what are electrons?

Answer 17

in shells
have hardly any mass
negatively charged

Question 18

neutron relative mass

Answer 18

1

Question 19

electron relative mass?

Answer 19

0.0005

Question 20

proton relative charge?

Answer 20

+1

Question 21

neutron relative charge?

Answer 21

0

Question 22

electron relative charge?

Answer 22

-1

Question 23

What is the nucleus like?

Answer 23

contains protons and neutrons
in middle of atom
positively charged

Question 24

How are molecules formed?

Answer 24

when atoms bond together
2+ atoms

Question 25

What is the atomic number?

Answer 25

number of protons SMALLER number

Question 25

simple molecules radius?

Answer 25

10^-10 m

Question 25

what are nanoparticles?

Answer 25

slightly bigger than simple molecules - contain about 100 atoms 1nm - 100nm in size

Question 26

What is the mass number?

Answer 26

protons + neutrons BIGGER number

Question 27

What is different in Ions?

Answer 27

number of protons and electrons

Question 28

How do ions form?

Answer 28

when atoms gain or lose electrons

Question 29

what forms when you lose electrons?

Answer 29

positive ion

Question 30

what forms when you gain electrons?

Answer 30

negative ion

Question 31

What is different about isotopes?

Answer 31

different number of neutrons .same atomic number different mass number

Question 32

example of an isotope of carbon?

Answer 32

C 12 is normal isotope would be C 13 which has 7 neutrons instead of 6

Question 33

definition of isotope?

Answer 33

different forms of the same element, same number of protons but different number of neutrons