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c4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are group 1 metals known as?

A

alkali metals

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2
Q

ion for group 1?

A

+
Na+
Li+
K+

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3
Q

properties of the alkali metal?

A

group 1
.one electron on outer shell
.low melting points
.low boiling points
.low density
.soft
.very reactive

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4
Q

how to test for presence of a group 1 metal?

A

flame test

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5
Q

why are alkali metals so reactive?

A

.one outer electron
.lose it so easily

.more reactive as you go down the group
as its more easily lost when its further way from nucleus (more shells further down) because the electron will be less attracted to nucleus the further away it is.

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6
Q

what happens when alkali metals are put in water?

A

react vigorously
produces hydrogen gas and a hydroxide of the metal

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7
Q

what happens when lithium reacts with water?

A

moves around
fizzes

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8
Q

what happens when Sodum/ potassium reacts with water?

A

moves around
fizzes
melt

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9
Q

what are group 7 metals known as?

A

Halogens

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10
Q

what happens when Rubidium/ caesium reacts with water?

A

react violently
explode

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11
Q

what is the ion for the halogens?

A

-
F-
Cl-
Br-

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12
Q

what type of molecules do Halogens exist as?

A

diatomic
Cl2
Br2
I2

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13
Q

at room temperature what is chlorine like?

A

reactive
poisonous
green gas
low boiling point

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14
Q

what happens as you go down group 7 elements on periodic table?

A

melting and boiling point increases

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15
Q

at room temperature what is Bromine like?

A

poisonous
red-brown liquid
gives off orange vapour

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16
Q

at room temperature what is Iodine like?

A

dark grey crystalline solid
gives off purple vapour when heated

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17
Q

what forms when Halogens react with alkali metals?

A

salts (metal halides)

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18
Q

what is reactivity like for halogens?

A

.decreases as you go down group 7
.only need to gain 1 electron, easier to attract an electron when the shell is closer to the nucleus because force of attractive is stronger
.harder to attract further down group 7- more shells- force is weaker

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19
Q

what can a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive one?

A

displace it

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20
Q

what type of reactions do group 7 take part in?

A

displacement reactions

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21
Q

what is a displacement reaction?

A

a more reactive element ‘pushes out’ (displaces) a less reactive element from a compound

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22
Q

displacement reaction with chlorine and bromine?

A

Cl more reactive than Br
if you add Cl water to KBr solution, Cl will displace the Br from salt solution
forming KCl
.Cl reduced
.Br oxidised
.solution turns orange

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23
Q

what do displacement reactions show?

A

reactivity trends

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24
Q

properties of Halogens?

A

low melting points and low boiling points.
.diatomic
.non-metals

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25
what are group 8 elements also known as?
noble gases
26
properties of noble gases?
.inert .colourless .full shell .non-flammable
26
ion for the noble gases?
do NOT form ions
27
what happens as you go down group 8 on periodic table?
.melting and boiling point increases .density increases
28
where are transition metals on periodic table?
middle
29
examples of nobles gases?
He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn
30
examples of transition metals?
Cu Fe Au Ag Zn Ni
31
why are transition metals good catalysts?
they can easily give and accept electrons.
32
properties of transition metals?
typical metal properties .(high melt and boil points .strong but malleable .god conductors of heat and electricity .crystal structure) -also make good catalysts -more than 1 ion -colourful -relatively unreactive
33
What are ions like in transition metals?
can vary, elemets often have more than one e.g Fe2+ Fe3+ Cu+ Cu2+ Cr2+ Cr3+
33
what is a catalyst?
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. The catalyst is not used up or chemically changed during the reaction
34
how to test is an element is reactive?
-easier for metal to lose its outer electron the more reactive it is -reacting it with water and seeing outcome Mg doesn't do much K reacts vigorously
35
what is the reactivity series?
table that lists metals in order of reactivity.
36
what are the element in main reactivity series?
K Na Li Ca Mg (Carbon) Zn Fe (hydrogen) Cu Au Ag
37
What can displacement reactions be used for?
to work out where in the reactivity series the metal should go
38
how to test for carbon dioxide?
Limewater turns cloudy
39
how to test for hydrogen?
lit splint makes a squeaky pop
40
how to test for chlorine?
damp litmus paper turns white
40
how to test for oxygen?
glowing splint relights
41
how to test for Halide ions?
.add dilute nitric acid .add a few drops of silver nitrate solution -chlorine white -Bromine cream -Iodine yellow
41
How to test for Chloride ions?
.add dilute nitric acid .add a few drops of silver -Chloride gives a white precipitate of silver chloride
42
How to test for Bromide ions?
.add dilute nitric acid .add a few drops of silver -Bromide gives a cream precipitate of silver bromide
42
How to test for iodide ions?
.add dilute nitric acid .add a few drops of silver -Iodide gives a yellow precipitate of silver Iodide
43
Why to use nitric acid when testing for halide ions?
to get rid of any carbonate ions, that confuse the result as carbonate ions produce a pale precipitate with silver nitrate as well
44
How to test for carbonate ions in a solution?
.ass some barium chloride solution -if carbonate ions present it will produce a white precipitate of barium carbonate .add some dilute hydrochloric acid -if carbonate ions are present, mixture will fizz (carbonate react with acid to produce CO2 gas) .collect gas and pass it through limewater, limewater should turn cloudy .when Barium carbonate reacted, left with colourless solution containing Ba2+
45
how to test for sulphate ions in a solution?
.add some barium chloride solution -if sulphate ions present, a white precipitate of barium sulphate will form .add some dilute hydrochloric acid to test -Barium sulphate will not react with HCl, so white precipitate will not dissolve (that's how yk its sulphate ions and NOT CARBONATE ions)
45
What is a flame test?
compounds of some metals produce a colour when heated in a flame .clean a nichrome wire loop by dipping it in HCl acid then rinse in deionised water .dip wire loop in sample of the metal compound .put loop in blue part of flame on Bunsen burner .see what colour flame goes
46
how to identify metal ions?
.flame tests .using Sodium hydroxide
47
What colour does Lithium go in flame test?
crimson red flame
48
What colour does Copper go in flame test?
blue-green flame
49
What colour does Sodium go in flame test?
yellow flame
49
What colour does Potassium go in flame test?
lilac flame
50
What colour does Calcium go in flame test?
brick red flame
51
How to test if a metal ion is present using Sodium hydroxide?
.add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of mystery compound .if a hydroxide precipitate forms - use COLOUR to tell which metal ions= was in compound
52
testing for metal ions using Sodium hydroxide - what colour would precipitate turn if calcium was present?
White
53
testing for metal ions using Sodium hydroxide - what colour would precipitate turn if copper was present?
blue
54
testing for metal ions using Sodium hydroxide - what colour would precipitate turn if Iron(II) was present?
green
55
testing for metal ions using Sodium hydroxide - what colour would precipitate turn if Iron (III) was present?
Brown
56
testing for metal ions using Sodium hydroxide - what colour would precipitate turn if Zinc was present?
white at first - redissolves in excess NaOH to from a COLOURLESS SOLUTION
57
What is Instrumental analysis?
using machines rather than a person doing chemical tests manually
58
advantages of instrumental methods?
.Sensitive - detect even tiniest amounts of a substance .fast .accurate - NO human error
59
What is Infrared spectroscopy?
.a machine used by a chemist to analyse samples and identify chemicals -produces a graph showing frequencies of infrared radiation a molecule will absorb - can use the pattern to identify the molecule
60
ways that chemists use machines to analyse samples and identify chemicals?
.INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY .ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY .GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY .MASS SPECTROSCOPY
61
what is Ultraviolet spectroscopy?
.a machine used by a chemist to analyse samples and identify chemicals .-produces a graph showing frequencies of UV radiation a molecule will absorb - can use the pattern to identify the molecule
62
what is Gas chromatography?
.a machine used by a chemist to analyse samples and identify chemicals used to separate out chemicals in a mixture .produces a graph with one peak for each chemical .time it takes each chemical to pass through machine (retention time) can be used to identify it
63
what is mass spectroscopy?
.a machine used by a chemist to analyse samples and identify chemicals .technique to find relative molecular mass of a mystery compound

chemistry (4 decks)

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