C1/2 Introduction

Question 1

What is computational thinking?

Answer 1

Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem

Question 2

What is an algorithm?

Answer 2

A sequence of instructions that solves a problem

Question 3

What are the three main components of a computer program?

Answer 3

• Input
• Process
• Output

Question 4

What does the input component of a computer program do?

Answer 4

Obtains data from sources (files, keyboard, touchscreen, network)

Question 5

What does the process component of a computer program do?

Answer 5

Executes computations on the input data

Question 6

What does the output component of a computer program do?

Answer 6

Displays or saves the processed data

Question 7

What is a variable in programming?

Answer 7

Represents data; their values can change

Question 8

Provide an example of how to assign a value to a variable in C++.

assign 2 to x

Answer 8

int x = 2;

Question 9

What is the purpose of the preprocessor directive #include <iostream> in C++?</iostream>

Answer 9

Includes the standard input-output stream library

Question 10

What does ‘using namespace std;’ allow in C++?

Answer 10

Use elements from the std (standard) namespace without prefixing

Question 11

What does the statement ‘return 0;’ indicate in a C++ program?

Answer 11

The program ended successfully

Question 12

How do you get input from the user in C++?

Answer 12

Using the statement cin&raquo_space; variable;

Question 13

What does the cout statement do?

Answer 13

Outputs data to the console

Question 14

What is the difference between cout and cin?

Answer 14

cout outputs data, cin gets input data

Question 15

What does the statement cout &laquo_space;endl; do?

Answer 15

Outputs a newline character

Question 16

What is a string literal?

Answer 16

Text in double quotes

Question 17

What is a multi-line comment in C++?

Answer 17

Starts with /* and ends with */

Question 18

What is a single-line comment in C++?

Answer 18

Starts with // and includes all following text on that line

Question 19

Fill in the blank: A computer program can be analogized to a _______.

Answer 19

cooking recipe

Question 20

What is the purpose of the statement ‘int main() {‘ in a C++ program?

Answer 20

Defines the main function where program execution begins

Question 21

How do you declare an integer variable in C++?

Answer 21

Using the statement int variableName;

Question 22

What is turtle graphics used for?

Answer 22

Instructing a robotic turtle to draw shapes using commands

Question 23

What capability does the cout statement have regarding outputting multiple items?

Answer 23

The cout statement can output multiple items in one statement using the insertion operator («).

Question 24

What does the statement ‘wage = 20;’ do in a C++ program?

Answer 24

Assigns the value 20 to the variable wage

Question 25

What is the significance of the statement cout << x; in a C++ program?

Answer 25

Outputs the value of variable x

Question 26

What is the typical unit of measurement for angles when drawing shapes in turtle graphics?

Answer 26

Degrees

Question 27

What is a multi-line comment in programming?

Answer 27

A comment that spans multiple lines, usually enclosed in /* ... */

Question 28

What is whitespace in programming?

Answer 28

Blank spaces and newlines that are mostly ignored by the compiler

Question 29

Does a compiler ignore all instances of whitespace in a program?

Answer 29

Although a compiler generally ignores whitespace, such as spaces and newlines, for the structure of code, it doesn't ignore whitespace that affects program semantics, like in string literals.

Question 30

What is the recommended practice for separating conceptually distinct statements?

Answer 30

Use blank lines

Question 31

How should operators be spaced for readability?

Answer 31

Use a single space before and after any operators like =, +, *, or <<

Question 32

What does a compiler do when it encounters a syntax error?

Answer 32

Generates an error message indicating something is wrong with the code’s syntax

Question 33

What is a semantic error?

Answer 33

Occurs when the syntax is correct, but the code doesn’t do what the programmer intended

Question 34

What is a logic error?

Answer 34

An error when the program runs successfully but produces incorrect results

Question 35

What is a bit?

Answer 35

The most basic unit of information in a computer, which can be either 0 or 1

Question 36

How is a circuit defined in computing?

Answer 36

Combinations of switches wired together to perform calculations

Question 37

What is the purpose of assembly language?

Answer 37

A more human-readable way to write instructions compared to machine code

Question 38

Fill in the blank: A compiler generates a message when encountering a _______.

Answer 38

syntax error

Question 39

What is the significance of warnings from a compiler?

Answer 39

They point out potential problems but do not stop the program from being created

Question 40

What should you do when a compiler reports multiple errors?

Answer 40

Focus on fixing just the first error reported and then recompiling

Question 41

What does the prefix '0h' indicate in programming?

Answer 41

A hexadecimal number

Question 42

How are numbers represented when there is no prefix or suffix?

Answer 42

Numbers without both a prefix and suffix are interpreted as decimal numbers.

Question 43

What is the ASCII value for 'A'?

Answer 43

65

Question 44

What should be done if you encounter a compiler warning?

Answer 44

Treat warnings seriously and fix them

Question 45

What is the result of the expression numToBuy = numNeeded - numInStock + 2?

Answer 45

The number of items to buy based on the stock

Question 46

What does 0 represent in binary?

Answer 46

False

Question 47

What does 1 represent in binary?

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What are machine instructions?

Answer 48

The raw 0s and 1s that the processor understands directly.

Question 49

What is assembly language?

Answer 49

A more human-readable way to write instructions.

Question 50

What do assemblers do?

Answer 50

Translate assembly language into machine instructions.

Question 51

Give an example of a high-level programming language.

Answer 51

Python, Java, C++

Question 52

What is the role of compilers?

Answer 52

Programs that translate high-level language code into executable programs.

Question 53

What analogy is used to describe the processor's function?

Answer 53

A chef following a recipe.

Question 54

What is memory in computing?

Answer 54

Where data and instructions needed by the processor are stored.

Question 55

How does memory work?

Answer 55

Like a series of mailboxes with addresses storing 0s and 1s.

Question 56

What types of data are stored in memory?

Answer 56

Instructions for the processor and the data it's working on.

Question 57

What does RAM stand for?

Answer 57

Random Access Memory

Question 58

What do processors (CPUs) do?

Answer 58

Execute instructions and perform calculations.

Question 59

What is a program?

Answer 59

A sequence of instructions designed to perform a specific task.

Question 60

What is the origin year of the C programming language?

Answer 60

1978

Question 61

Who created the C programming language?

Answer 61

Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie

Question 62

What is C++?

Answer 62

An enhancement of C created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1985.

Question 63

What programming paradigm did C++ introduce?

Answer 63

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Question 64

What does the ++ in C++ signify?

Answer 64

An enhancement over C.

Question 65

Name a real-world application developed using C++.

Answer 65

Photoshop, Windows

Question 66

What percentage of programming-related searches do C, C++, and C# account for?

Answer 66

35%

Question 67

What year was the first C++ book published?

Answer 67

1985

Question 68

What does C# primarily develop?

Answer 68

Microsoft Windows applications.

Question 69

What is Objective-C used for?

Answer 69

Developing applications on iPhone, iPad, and Mac platforms.

Question 70

What is a key feature of Java related to C/C++?

Answer 70

Portability across different operating systems.

Question 71

Fill in the blank: The variable wage holds the value 20. The variable wage can be assigned with a different value later in the program, so it is called a _______.

Answer 71

variable

Question 72

What impact did C have on UNIX?

Answer 72

It was pivotal in implementing UNIX.

Question 73

What is the significance of understanding the evolution from C to C++?

Answer 73

It helps appreciate the ongoing relevance and application of these languages.