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Chemistry > C1 2 Rocks and Building Materials > Flashcards

C1 2 Rocks and Building Materials Flashcards

0
Q

What is limestone’s appearance like?

A

Pale yellow and grey rock

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1
Q

What is limestone mainly made up of?

A

Calcium carbonate

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2
Q

What is it made from?

A

Remains of tiny sea creatures

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3
Q

How do we gain limestone?

A

Through quarrying

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4
Q

What is limestone other than being a rock?

A

A building material.

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5
Q

What are the uses of limestone?

A

Glass, cement, concrete, mortar, used in the extraction of iron

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6
Q

What process is used to heat limestone?

A

Thermal decomposition

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7
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking down a chemical through heating

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8
Q

What is limestone broken down into in thermal decomposition?

A

CaCO3 —-> CaO + CO2

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9
Q

Where does the thermal decomposition take place?

A

In a rotary kiln

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10
Q

What comes in and comes out of a rotary kiln?

A

Limestone and clay is put in and so is methane and air (from the surroundings), nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide come out from burning methane and the decomposition of limestone. Nitrogen and argon are also unreactive. Calcium oxide also comes out.

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11
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater is used (calcium hydroxide solution - alkaline) and the weakly acidic CO2 from our exhaling (blowing) reacts. A precipitate is formed (calcium carbonate) which makes the substance cloudy - no light is able to pass through solid.

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12
Q

What are the products when a carbonate react with an acid?

A

A salt, water and CO2

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13
Q

What does decomposing carbonates produce?

A

The metal oxide and CO2

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14
Q

How does an alkali neutralise an acid by reacting with it?

A

It produces a metal and water.

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15
Q

Show the process of the limestone cycle.

A

Limestone (CaCO3) - heat energy is used to decompose the limestone and CO2 is given off.
This leaves with Quicklime (CaO) - drops of water are added and it produces
Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) - lots of water is added and then it produces
Limewater (Ca(Oh)2) - CO2 is used for testing it and produces limestone…the cycle repeats.

16
Q

What is the symbolic equation for the breaking down of limestone?

A

CaCO3 (s) —–> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

17
Q

What is the symbolic equation for adding water to slaked lime?

A

CaO (s) + H2O (l) —–> Ca(OH)2 (s)

18
Q

What is the symbolic equation for the carbon dioxide test?

A

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) —–> CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)

19
Q

How is cement made?

A

Heating limestone with clay.

20
Q

How is mortar made?

A

Calcium hydroxide + water + sand

21
Q

What does mortar do?

A

Hold bricks together

22
Q

How does the mortar do its purpose?

A

Lime in the mortar reacts with the CO2 in the air producing CaCO3.

23
Q

Nowadays what is used instead of calcium hydroxide in making mortar?

A

Cement

24
Q

If you use too much sand in mortar, what happens?

A

It becomes weak.

25
Q

What will happen when there’s too little sound in the mortar?

A

It shrinks as it dries.

26
Q

What is the disadvantage of mortar?

A

It does not harden quickly and doesn’t set on water as it doesn’t react with CO2.

27
Q

What is concrete made out of?

A

Water + sand + cement + aggregate

28
Q

What is aggregate?

A

Small rocks

29
Q

What can concrete be reinforced with?

A

Steel rods

30
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of quarrying?

A

Advantages:
• Limestone has many uses
• Provides local jobs
• Can be turned into a reservoirs after work

Disadvantages:
• Can destroy habitats 
• Can be an unattractive sight 
• Noise pollution
• Lots of dust
31
Q

What is the cement which is usually used?

A

Portland cement

32
Q

Hat does Portland cement contain?

A

Limestone, clay and other minerals.

33
Q

What forces is concrete good at resisting?

A

Forces that squash or crush it.

34
Q

Why does concrete need to be reinforced?

A

It is weak at resisting forces that pull it apart.

Chemistry (9 decks)

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