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Chemistry > C1 5 Products From Oil > Flashcards

C1 5 Products From Oil Flashcards

0
Q

What happens during the process of cracking?

A

A heavy fraction from crude oil is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons. The vapour is then passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and is heated to a high temperature. The hydrocarbons then crack into smaller, more useful ones as thermal decomposition take place.

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1
Q

What process is used to break down large hydrocarbon molecules?

A

Cracking

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2
Q

What is the difference between and alkane and alkane?

A

An alkane is saturated and alkane is unsaturated. An alkane contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible. An alkane contains one Cain double bond. The general formulae for it is CnH2n

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3
Q

What solutions do both alkanes and alkanes form when mixed with bromine water?

A

Alkanes produce a colourless product where as alkanes give no reaction (Orange)

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4
Q

What are plastics an example of?

A

Polymers

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5
Q

What are polymers made of?

A

Monomers

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6
Q

What is formed when ethene and propene are made into polymers? What are their properties like?

A

Poly(ethene) easy to shape, strong and transparent eg plastic bags
Poly(propene) very strong and tough eg ropes

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7
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

The process when monomers join together to form polymers.

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8
Q

Explain the process of polymerisation.

A

When the alkenes molecules join together, the atoms open up and is replace by single bonds.

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9
Q

What makes alkenes more reactor than alkanes?

A

The carbon double bonds.

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10
Q

What are light-sensitive plasters used for?

A

To switch off the stickiness of a plaster.
The plaster is put on as usual.
To remove it the top layer is peeled away from the layer which is stuck onto the skin.
When the bottom layer is exposed to light the adhesive becomes less sticky and is easier to peel off.

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11
Q

What are hydrogel a used for?

A

They are polymer chains with a few cross-linking units between chains which makes a matrix that can trap water. They are used as wound dressings and let the body heal in moist, sterile conditions. This makes them useful for treating burns.

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12
Q

What are shape memory polymers used for?

A

When it is used to stitch a wound tightly it uses the body’s temperature to tighten the wound and close it.

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13
Q

What is a shape memory polymer an example of?

A

A smart polymer which changes in response to changes around it.

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14
Q

What are biodegradable plastics?

A

Plastics that can be broken down by microbes.

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of biodegradable plastics?

A

Needs a lot of land and water
Uses pesticides and fertilisers
Destruction of tropical rainforests to create farmland
Farmers may sell food as fuels so food prices rise

16
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of landfill?

A 
Ads: 
Convenient and cheap
Can extract and sell methane
Dis ads:
Expensive to build and maintain
Lorries create traffic 
Chance of environmental change
17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of recycling?

A 
Ads:
Less landfill
Less greenhouse gases
Less crude oil used
Less water and energy resources used
Dis Ads: 
Only some plastics can be recycled
Time and money required to separate plastics
18
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of incineration?

A 
Ads:
Less landfill
Electricity can be generated from eat
Dis ads:
Release toxic compounds into atmosphere
Waste gases need to be purified
19
Q

What are the two methods in which ethanol is made?

A

Fermentation and hydration from ethene

20
Q

What is the equation for fermentation?

A

Sugar(glucose) = ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

Yeast acts as catalyst

21
Q

What respiration takes place during fermentation?

A

Anaerobic respiration

22
Q

What is the reaction for hydration?

A 
Ethene + stems = ethanol
Hot water (steam) is catalyst
23
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation?

A 
Ads:
Plants are renewable
Energy from sun
Dis ads:
Slow process
Product not pure
24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydration?

A 
Ads:
Product is pure
Continuous process
Dis ads:
Uses up fossil fuels
Requires high energy
Non renewable source of ethene
25
Q

What are the properties of a thermosoftening plastic?

A 
Flexible and stretchy
Low melting point
Weak forces between chains
Chains are easily separated
Polyethene
26
Q

What are the properties of thermosetting plastics?

A 
Hard
High melting point
Cross links between chains
Hard to break 
(High melting point) Poly propene

Chemistry (9 decks)

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