C1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are atoms

Answer 1

The smallest particle of a chemical elements

Question 2

What constitutes atoms

Answer 2

A positively charges nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron

Question 3

What subatomic particles make up atoms

Answer 3

Protons
Electrons
Neutrons

Question 4

What are protons’ relative charge

Answer 4

+1

Question 5

What are electrons’ relative charge

Answer 5

-1

Question 6

What are neutrons’ relative charge

Answer 6

0

Question 7

What is the nucleus

Answer 7

The centre of the atom where protons and neutrons are concentrated

Question 8

What are electrons shells

Answer 8

Regions around atoms’ nuclei where electrons can be found

Question 9

What are protons’ relative mass

Answer 9

1

Question 10

What are neutrons’ relative mass

Answer 10

1

Question 11

What are electrons’ relative mass

Answer 11

0.0005

often rounded to 0

Question 12

What is relative mass

Answer 12

The mass of atoms in atomic mass units

Question 13

What are AMU

Answer 13

A unit of mass equal to 1/12 of a carbon-12 atoms

Question 14

What is the overall charge of atoms

Answer 14

No overall charge

Atoms contain the same number of protons and electrons, their charges cancel each other out

Question 15

What is a compound

Answer 15

A combination of (at least two different) elements’ atoms

Question 16

What are groups

Answer 16

A column of elements on the periodic table

Elements of the same group have similar properties

Question 17

What happens in a chemical reaction

Answer 17

Molecules are broken up or formed
At least one new substance is formed
Energy measurably changes
No atoms are created or destroyed

Question 18

What do chemical equations show

Answer 18

The reactants and products in a reaction

Question 19

What are reactants

Answer 19

Chemicals reacting with each other in a reaction

They are found on the left of chemical equations

Question 20

What are products

Answer 20

Chemicals formed in a reaction

They are found on the right of chemical equations

Question 21

What are balanced equations

Answer 21

An equation with the same amount of reactant and product atoms

Question 22

What is the Law of conservation of mass

Answer 22

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

Question 23

What are state symbols

Answer 23

Symbols that describe the state of reactants and products

s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous (dissolved in water

Question 24

What are mixtures

Answer 24

A mix of (two or more) substances that are not chemically combined

Mixtures can be separated

Question 25

What are separation techniques

Answer 25

Physical processes that separate components of a mixture

Question 26

What does crystallisation do

Answer 26

Separates solutions into solutes and solvents

Question 27

How is crystallisation performed

Answer 27

The mixture is heated, evaporating the solvent which can be collected through condensation Crystals of the solute are formed

Question 28

What does filtration do

Answer 28

Separates soluble and insoluble mixtures

Question 29

How is filtration performed

Answer 29

The mixture is poured through filter paper The insoluble mixture is caught by the paper The soluble mixture runs through the paper and is collected bellow

Question 30

What does chromatography do

Answer 30

Separates solutes from a solution

Question 31

How is chromatography performed

Answer 31

Place a sample of solution at the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper Dip the bottom of the paper into a suitable solvent The solvent moves up the paper and carries the solutes Different solutes move at different speeds, separating on the paper

Question 32

What does simple distillation do

Answer 32

Separates two liquids (with different boiling points) Separates a solute from a solvent (when the solvent has a lower boiling temperature than the solute)

Question 33

How is simple distillation performed

Answer 33

The mixture is heated until the liquid with the lower boiling point boils The vapour is collected through condensation The other liquid (solute) is left behind

Question 34

What does fractional distillation do

Answer 34

Separates a mixture of liquids (with different boiling points)

Question 35

How is fractional distillation performed

Answer 35

The mixture is heated until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and then condenses The mixture is further heated to collect (boil and condense) other fractions (liquids)