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Chemistry > C1 Atomic Structure > Flashcards

C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms

A

The smallest particle of a chemical elements

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2
Q

What constitutes atoms

A

A positively charges nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron

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3
Q

What subatomic particles make up atoms

A

Protons
Electrons
Neutrons

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4
Q

What are protons’ relative charge

A

+1

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5
Q

What are electrons’ relative charge

A

-1

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6
Q

What are neutrons’ relative charge

A

0

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7
Q

What is the nucleus

A

The centre of the atom where protons and neutrons are concentrated

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8
Q

What are electrons shells

A

Regions around atoms’ nuclei where electrons can be found

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9
Q

What are protons’ relative mass

A

1

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10
Q

What are neutrons’ relative mass

A

1

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11
Q

What are electrons’ relative mass

A

0.0005

often rounded to 0

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12
Q

What is relative mass

A

The mass of atoms in atomic mass units

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13
Q

What are AMU

A

A unit of mass equal to 1/12 of a carbon-12 atoms

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14
Q

What is the overall charge of atoms

A

No overall charge

Atoms contain the same number of protons and electrons, their charges cancel each other out

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15
Q

What is a compound

A

A combination of (at least two different) elements’ atoms

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16
Q

What are groups

A

A column of elements on the periodic table

Elements of the same group have similar properties

17
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction

A

Molecules are broken up or formed
At least one new substance is formed
Energy measurably changes
No atoms are created or destroyed

18
Q

What do chemical equations show

A

The reactants and products in a reaction

19
Q

What are reactants

A

Chemicals reacting with each other in a reaction

They are found on the left of chemical equations

20
Q

What are products

A

Chemicals formed in a reaction

They are found on the right of chemical equations

21
Q

What are balanced equations

A

An equation with the same amount of reactant and product atoms

22
Q

What is the Law of conservation of mass

A

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

23
Q

What are state symbols

A

Symbols that describe the state of reactants and products

s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous (dissolved in water

24
Q

What are mixtures

A

A mix of (two or more) substances that are not chemically combined

Mixtures can be separated

25
Q

What are separation techniques

A

Physical processes that separate components of a mixture

26
Q

What does crystallisation do

A

Separates solutions into solutes and solvents

27
Q

How is crystallisation performed

A

The mixture is heated, evaporating the solvent which can be collected through condensation

Crystals of the solute are formed

28
Q

What does filtration do

A

Separates soluble and insoluble mixtures

29
Q

How is filtration performed

A

The mixture is poured through filter paper

The insoluble mixture is caught by the paper
The soluble mixture runs through the paper and is collected bellow

30
Q

What does chromatography do

A

Separates solutes from a solution

31
Q

How is chromatography performed

A

Place a sample of solution at the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
Dip the bottom of the paper into a suitable solvent
The solvent moves up the paper and carries the solutes

Different solutes move at different speeds, separating on the paper

32
Q

What does simple distillation do

A

Separates two liquids (with different boiling points)

Separates a solute from a solvent (when the solvent has a lower boiling temperature than the solute)

33
Q

How is simple distillation performed

A

The mixture is heated until the liquid with the lower boiling point boils

The vapour is collected through condensation
The other liquid (solute) is left behind

34
Q

What does fractional distillation do

A

Separates a mixture of liquids (with different boiling points)

35
Q

How is fractional distillation performed

A

The mixture is heated until the liquid with the lowest boiling point boils and then condenses

The mixture is further heated to collect (boil and condense) other fractions (liquids)

Chemistry (4 decks)

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