C1 Atoms, Elements and Compounds

Question 1

What two subatomic particles make up the nucleus?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons

Question 2

What does the atomic number of an element show?

Answer 2

The number of protons an element has

Question 3

What does the mass number of an element show?

Answer 3

The number of protons and neutrons an element has

Question 4

True or False…

The number of protons and electrons are always the same

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

What particle determines what element an atom is?

Answer 6

Proton

Question 7

Ion

Answer 7

an atom with a positive or negative charge

Question 8

What the charge of an electron?

Answer 8

Negative

Question 9

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 9

0

Question 10

molecule

Answer 10

more than one atom chemically joined together

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

atoms with same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 12

element

Answer 12

A substance made up of one type of atom

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded

Question 14

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 14

The total mass before and after a reaction is always constant

Question 15

Mixture

Answer 15

A substance made up of elements and compounds that aren’t chemically bonded so they can be separated

Question 16

What four physical differences does separation depend on?

Answer 16

• boiling point
• physical state of matter
• solubility
• magnetism

Question 17

What is one limitation of using filtering as a separation technique?

Answer 17

It doesn’t separate a solute from a solvent

Question 18

Why is fractional distillation used instead of simple distillation in some cases?

Answer 18

If the substance being separated has different solvents of similar boiling points

Question 19

What piece of equipment makes fractional distillation different from simple distillation?

Answer 19

A fractionating column

Question 20

What is the role of chromatography?

Answer 20

To separate soluble dyes from inks

Question 21

How did this scientist contribute to the discovery of the atom?

John Dalton [1805]

Answer 21

He coined the term atom and discovered that it is the smallest part of a substance

Question 22

How did this scientist contribute to the discovery of the atom?

JJ Thomson [1897]

Answer 22

Discovered the electron and the Plum Pudding Model

Question 23

Plum Pudding Model

Answer 23

A sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons spread around it

Question 24

How did this scientist contribute to the discovery of the atom?

Ernest Rutherford [1909]

Answer 24

Replaced the Plum Pudding Model and discovered the nucleus

Question 25

What was Rutherford's experiment?

Answer 25

He fired positively-charged alpha particles at a piece of gold foil

Question 26

What were the results of Rutherford's experiment?

Answer 26

Most alpha particles went through the gold foil, some were reflected, some were defelcted

Question 27

What did Rutherford conclude in his experiment?

Answer 27

The atom is mostly space and is made up of a small nucleus surrounded by electrons

Question 28

# How did this scientist contribute to the discovery of the atom? Niels Bohr [1913-1914]

Answer 28

Discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances in electron shells

Question 29

# How did this scientist contribute to the discovery of the atom? James Chadwick [1932]

Answer 29

Provided evidence to show the existence of neutrons in the nucleus - explaining the origins of mass

Question 30

What happens to an atom's charge when it gains an electron?

Answer 30

It has a negative charge

Question 31

What happens to an atom's charge when it loses an electron?

Answer 31

It has a positive charge

Question 32

What does the group number of the periodic table indicate?

Answer 32

The number of electrons in an element's outer shell

Question 33

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

Answer 33

2 electrons

Question 34

What is the maximum number of electrons in all shells after the first?

Answer 34

8 electrons

Question 35

What is the equation for Rf value?

Answer 35

Distance moved by substance / Distance moved by solvent

Question 36

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 36

Average mass of all the isotopes that make up an element