C1 + C2 states of matter & separating

Question 1

what is the term for gas turning to liquid

Answer 1

boiling

Question 2

state the changes in arrangement of particles as something is heated

Answer 2

they become more randomly arranged and separated gradually.

Question 3

what is a mixture?

Answer 3

mixture:
o Consists of 2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined
together
o Chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged

Question 4

what is distillation used for?

Answer 4

separating different mixtures using boiling points.

Question 5

what is the difference between simple and fractional distillation?

Answer 5

simple - used with solvents and solutions
fractional - used for two liquids

Question 6

explain crystallisation

Answer 6

evaporating a solution, solid will come out and crystals will form
used for seperating salts from solutions

Question 7

whats the difference between solute and solvent?

Answer 7

solute is being dissolved in the solvent

Question 8

explain paper chromatography

Answer 8

to separate mixtures of soluble substances, like food colorings or inks, by using a solvent to carry them through a piece of paper. Different substances in the mixture move at different speeds, causing them to separate into distinct spots or bands on the paper.
one dot = pure substance

Question 9

what is the equation for Rf value?

Answer 9

Rf value = distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent ( /
represents a dividing sign)

Question 10

what are the roles of sedimentation, filtration and chlorination in water

Answer 10

chlorine = kills bacteria
sedimentation = allowing solids to be removed from the water
filtration = removing solid particles like sediment and microorganisms