C5 ionic bonding

Question 1

Explain how ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons
between atoms to produce cations and anions

Answer 1

Explain how ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons
between atoms to produce cations and anions

Question 2

What is an ion?

Answer 2

an ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

Question 3

how would you calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in simple ions given the atomic number and mass number?

Answer 3

Atomic number = proton number = number of protons
● Mass number = nucleon number = number of protons + neutrons
● In an atom number of protons = number of electrons, but in an ion, there is a
different number of electrons to protons. to work out electrons in an ion:
o work out how many electrons an atom of the element would have (same
as proton number)
o work out how many electrons have been lost or gained (using chargeremember -ve means electrons gained, +ve means electrons lost)
o calculate number of electrons in atom plus electrons gained or minus
electrons lost

Question 4

what would the formation of the ionic compounds of elements in groups:
- 1
-2
-6
-7

Answer 4

-+1
-+2
-2-
-1-

Question 5

what is the formulae for:
oxide
hydroxide
halide
nitrate
carbonate
sulfate

Answer 5

O 2-
OH 1-
-1 halide
NO3 1-
CO3 2-
SO4 2-

Question 6

Explain the structure of an ionic compound as a lattice structure:
consisting of a regular arrangement of ions; held together by strong
electrostatic forces

Answer 6

● A giant structure of ions = ionic compound
● Held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely
charged ions
● The forces act in all directions in the lattice, and this is called ionic bonding.
● The lattice has a regular arrangement of ions

Question 7

what is a halide ion?

Answer 7

a negatively charged ion formed when a halogen atom (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) gains an electron