C1 - Making crude oil useful Flashcards
What are coal, oil and gas?
These are types of fossil fuels.
What is fractional distillation?
The separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point.
What are the stages of fractional distillation?
1) the oil is heated up until parts of it have boiled
2) the parts are cooled down
3) the liquids are collected
Why does fractional distillation work?
Each fraction has a different boiling point so it can all be separated.
What is crude oil made from?
Crude oil is made from the bodies of plankton compressed over millions of years and is a mixture of many types of oils.
What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is a mixture of carbon and hydrogen molecules.
What is a temperature gradient?
A temperature gradient shows the change in temperature and what each fuels boiling point is.
Why does bitumen sink to the bottom of the tower?
Bitumen sinks to the bottom of the tower because it has a very high boiling point.
What is bitumen used to make?
Bitumen is used to make tar for road surfaces.
Where is the tower coldest?
At the top.
What is the order of the fractions?
LPG Petrol Paraffin Diesel Heating oil Fuel oil Bitumen
Why can crude oil be separated by fractional distillation?
This is because the molecules have different length chains so the intermolecular forces air different.
What are intermolecular forces?
Forces between molecules.
Why does petrol have a low boiling point?
Its chain is smaller therefore it has weak intermolecular bonds which can easily be overcome.
What is the relationship between size of a molecule and the strength of intermolecular bonds?
As the size of a molecule increases, the strength of the molecular bond increases.
