C6 - Natural fats and oils

Question 1

What is the difference between fats and oils?

Answer 1

• oil is a liquid at room temperature

- fat is a solid at room temperature

Question 2

What is the test for unsaturation?

Answer 2

Bromine water is shaken with a compound, if it is unsaturated it loses its orange colour and becomes clear.

Question 3

How is unsaturation removed?

Answer 3

Hydrogen is bubbled through the oil at 200*C and a nickel catalyst is removed. The hydrogen reacts with the carbon-carbon double bonds.

Question 4

What group of chemical compounds do oils belong to?

Answer 4

Esters.

Question 5

What does polyunsaturated mean?

Answer 5

The compound contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 6

How is soap made?

Answer 6

Soap is made by reacting vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide.

Question 7

What is the process of making soap?

Answer 7

1) vegetable oils are heated with sodium hydroxide solution
2) salt is added at the end of the reaction to make the soap precipitate out
3) the solid soap is then removed
4) coloring and perfume is added