C1 - states of matter

Question 1

what are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

what do states of matter depend on?

Answer 2

the forces between particles

Question 3

describe the structure of a solid (5)

Answer 3

• strong forces of attraction between particles
• held in fixed positions in regular lattice arrangement
• keeps a definite shape and volume
• particles have very little energy
• particles can move, only vibrate about their fixed positions

Question 4

what happens to particles in a solid when it heats up?

Answer 4

they vibrate more causing the solid to expand slightly

Question 5

describe the structure of a liquid (5)

Answer 5

• some force of attraction between particles
• particle free to move past eachother
• no definite shape: fill bottom of container but keep same volume
• particles constantly moving with random motion
• random arrangement

Question 6

what happens to particles in a liquid when it heats up?

Answer 6

particles move faster causing liquid to expand slightly

Question 7

describe the structure of a gas (5)

Answer 7

• no forces of attration between particles(free to move)
• particles travel in straight lines, only interact when collide
• no definite shape or volume
• more energy than solids and liquids
• particals move constantly w random motion

Question 8

what happens to particles in a gas when it heats up?

Answer 8

particles move faster causing gases to expand or pressure to increase

Question 9

what type of change is a change of state?

Answer 9

physical change

Question 10

what is a physical change

Answer 10

• no new substances formed

- easy to undo (by heating/cooling)

Question 11

describe the change in state from solid-liquid

Answer 11

melting:

• particles vibrate more as heated weakening bonds
• at certain temp, particles have enough energy to break free from positions
• becoming a liquid

Question 12

describe the change in state from liquid to gas

Answer 12

evapourating:

• particles gain more energy as heated
• particles move faster weakening and breaking bonds
• certain temp, particles have enough energy to break bonds completley becoming a gas

Question 13

describe the change in state from gas to liquid

and liquid to solid

Answer 13

condensing and freezing:

• energy is transferred from a substance to the environment as it cools down
• particles lose energy as bonds form between the particles.

Question 14

what is sublimation

Answer 14

when a substance changes directly from solid to gas, or from gas to solid, without becoming a liquid in between.

Question 15

examples of sublimation

Answer 15

• dry ice

- iodine