C1 States Of Matter

Question 1

Name the three different forms materials come in.

Answer 1

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 2

What is the model called that explains how the particles in a material behave?

Answer 2

Particle theory

Question 3

What determines the sate of something at a certain temperature?

Answer 3

How strong the forces of attraction are between the particles.

Question 4

Name the three types of particles.

Answer 4

Atoms
Ions
Molecules

Question 5

Particle theory - solids

Forces, position, arrangement, shape, volume, movement, what happens when heated

Answer 5

Strong forces of attraction between particles
Held close together in fixed positions
Form a regular lattice arrangement
Keep a definite shape and volume
Particles vibrate about their positions (the hotter the solid becomes the more they vibrate - causing solids to expand slightly when heated)

Question 6

Particle theory - liquids

Forces, arrangement, movement, shape, volume, what happens when heated

Answer 6

Forces of attraction are weaker than in solids.
Randomly arranged, free to move past each other, but tend to stick closely together.
Definite volume but no definite shape, will flow to fill the bottom of a container.
Constantly moving with random motion.
The hotter the liquid gets the faster the particles move, this cause liquid to expand slightly when heated.

Question 7

Particle theory - gas

Arrangement, attraction, movement, travel, shape, volume, what happens when get hotter

Answer 7

Particles are well separated, so there’s no attraction between them
Free to move and are far apart
Particles travel in straight lines
No definite shape or volume, will always fill any container
Constantly moving with random motion
The hotter the gas gets the faster the particles move
Gases either expand of their pressure increase when heated.

Question 8

What is particle theory?

Answer 8

A model to explain the three states of matter.

Question 9

What are the short comings of particle theory?

Answer 9

Particles are solid or inelastic.
They aren’t spheres.
Model shows all particles as the same size, the chances are there will be some variation in size.
Model doesn’t show the forces between the particles.

Question 10

What is it called when a substance changes from one state of matter to another?

Answer 10

Physical change

Question 11

How can you undo physical changes?

Answer 11

By heating or cooling

Question 12

What happens during a chemical change?

Answer 12

Bonds between atoms break and the atoms change places. The atoms rearrange themselves to form different chemicals.

Question 13

What happens during a physical change?

Answer 13

No new substances are made, the original chemicals just change state.

Question 14

What are the new chemicals called from a chemical reaction?

Answer 14

The products.

Question 15

Describe the forces, arrangement and movement of particles in:
A) solids
B) gases
C) liquids
(9 marks)

Answer 15

A) in a solid, the particles are held by strong forces (1 mark), in fixed positions in a regular lattice arrangement (1 mark). The particles don’t move but vibrate about their positions (1 mark)

B) in a gas, there’s almost no force of attraction between the particles (1 mark). The particles are far apart from each other (1 mark). The particles move constantly with random motion and travel in straight lines (1 mark)

C) in a liquid, there are weaker forces of attraction between the particles than there are in a solid (1 mark). The particles move constantly with random motion (1 mark) but they do tend to stick closely together (1 mark).