C11 - Polymers Flashcards
(24 cards)
How are polymers like poly(ethene) and poly(propene) made?
Addition polymerisation from alkenes
What are monomers?
Small molecules
What happens in addition polymerisation reactions?
Many small molecules(monomers) join together to form very large molecules(polymers)
In addition polymerisation why is the repeating unit the same atoms as the monomer?
because no other molecule is formed in the reaction
What functional group in the monomers will cause an addition polymer?
C=C
What is condensation polymerisation?
Involves monomers with two functional groups
What happens in condensation polymerisation?
These types of monomers react and join together, losing small molecules like water so the reactions are called condensation reactions
How are the simplest polymers produced?
From two different monomers with two of the same functional groups on each monomer
How are polyesters made?
Occur naturally as biological polymers but can also be made artificially through condensation polymerisation
What are uses of polymers?
- Man-made polymers often used in clothing
How can a simple polyester be made?
From a monomer which has two hydroxyl groups(-OH) and another monomer which has two carboxylic acid groups(-COOH)
How many functional groups do amino acids have in a molecule?
Two different functional groups
What do amino acids produce?
React by condensation polymerisation to produce polypeptides
What groups do all amino acids contain?
-NH2 group and carboxylic acid group -COOH
What is the formula for glycine?
H2NCH2COOH
How can proteins be produced?
Different amino acids can be combined in the same chain
What is DNA?
Polymer essential for life that encodes instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms and viruses
What is the DNA polymer made from?
From four different types of monomer called NUCLEOTIDES
What is the sequence of nucleotides along the DNA molecule a code for?
Genes
What is the structure of a DNA molecule?
Two polymer chains, made from 4 different monomers in a double helix
What types of monomers are proteins made of and give an example of its use?
- Amino acid monomers
- All enzymes are made from proteins
What types of monomers are starch and cellulose made of and by?
- Made by plants
- Monomers are sugar molecules
What is starch is used for in plants?
A way of storing energy as a complex carbohydrate
What is celluloes used for?
To make the strong cell wall which gives plant cells strength
