C1.2 Atomic Structure

Question 1

Relative charge of a proton?

Answer 1

+1

Question 2

Relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 2

0

Question 3

Relative charge of an electron?

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

Relative mass of a proton?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Relative mass of an electron?

Answer 6

0.005

Question 7

Where in the atom are protons found?

Answer 7

In the nucleus

Question 8

Where in the atom are neutrons found?

Answer 8

In the nucleus

Question 9

Why is the nucleus of an atom positively charged?

Answer 9

Contains the protons (and neutrons which are neutral)

Question 10

Why do atoms have no charge overall?

Answer 10

An equal number of protons and electrons = no charge overall

Question 11

What are ions?

Answer 11

A charged atom due to protons & electrons not being equal which has a charge

Question 12

What is an isotope?

Answer 12

Isotopes have similar chemical properties but different physical properties compared to the original atom

Question 13

Describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table

Answer 13

Left to right/top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number and increasing atomic mass

Question 14

Atomic number (Z)?

Answer 14

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (the bottom no.)

Question 15

Mass number (A)?

Answer 15

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (the top no.)

Question 16

What was Dalton’s theory?

Answer 16

All matter is indestructible atoms with distinct mass/properties. Atoms are tiny particles

Question 17

What was Thompson’s experiment?

Answer 17

Cathode Ray tubes were used and they deflected negatively charged plates and were towards the positively charged plate - composed of negatively charged particles.

Question 18

What was Rutherford’s expermient with Griger & Marsden?

Answer 18

Alpha particles were shot at thin pieces of gold leading to a fluorescent screen. Found out that the mass-energy is concentrated in the center - the nucleus.

Question 19

What did Bohr discover?

Answer 19

Electrons exist in shells that have constant energy & orbit in fixed distances (called energy levels)

Question 20

How to calculate the number of protons, neutrons & electrons in an atom?

Answer 20

• Protons = Atomic number
• Neutrons = Atomic number - Mass number
• Electrons =
  Neutral charge:
  Number of Protons
  Positive charge:
  More protons than electrons (dependent on the charge number)
  Negative charge:
  More electrons than protons
  (dependent on the charge number)

Question 21

Electron structure?

Answer 21

How electrons are arranged in an atom depends on the element

Question 22

What is configuration?

Answer 22

Number of electrons in the rings (adding up to the total number)

Question 23

How many electrons can the rings hold?

Answer 23

1st shell - up to 2
2nd & 3rd shell - up to 8
4th, 5th, 6th, 7th shell - up to 18

Question 24

How is configuration written?

Answer 24

With the amount of electrons (in numbers) in order of the shell (inner to outer) eg. 2,5,7