C1.2 - Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element that still has its chemical properties

Question 2

What is a molecule?

Answer 2

Two or more atoms joined together by attractive forces called chemical bonds

Question 3

How is the size of an atom given?

Answer 3

Its atomic radius

Question 4

What is an atom’s bond length?

Answer 4

The distance between the centres of two joined atoms

Question 5

What does most of the atom consist of?

Answer 5

Empty space

Question 6

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?

Answer 6

Proton
Neutron
Electron

Question 7

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 9

0.0005

Question 10

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 10

+1

Question 11

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 11

0

Question 12

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 12

-1

Question 13

Why is most of the mass of an atom in the nucleus?

Answer 13

Most of the atom is empty space

Question 14

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 14

Contains 3 subatomic particles - proton, neutron, electron
Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus
Neutrons are neutrally charged and found in the nucleus
Electrons are negatively charged and found orbiting the nucleus in shells

Question 15

What is the bottom number of a chemical symbol?

Answer 15

Atomic number (Z)

Question 16

What does the atomic number tell us?

Answer 16

How many protons are in the nucleus of an atom

Question 17

What is the top number of a chemical symbol?

Answer 17

Mass number (A)

Question 18

What does the mass number tell us?

Answer 18

How many neutrons and protons there are in the nucleus of an atom

Question 19

How do you work out the number of protons in an element?

Answer 19

Atomic number

Question 20

How do you work out the number of neutrons in an element?

Answer 20

Mass number - atomic number

Question 21

How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 21

Atomic number

Question 22

What are isotopes?

Answer 22

A form of an element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons
Different mass number

Question 23

What do isotopes of the same element have in common?

Answer 23

Have the same chemical properties

Question 24

What are ions?

Answer 24

Charged particles
Formed when an atom loses or gains electrons

Question 25

What did John Dalton do for the atomic model?

Answer 25

. Said all atoms of an element are identical . Different elements have different types of atom . Imagined them as tiny solid balls

Question 26

What did J.J Thompson do for the atomic model?

Answer 26

Came up with the plum pudding model said atoms contain electrons Atoms have a neutral overall charge

Question 27

Which subatomic particle did J.J Thomson discover and how?

Answer 27

Electron (in 1987) He found that beams of cathode rays changed directions in electric and magnetic fields Concluded that cathode rays were actually tiny particles that were negatively charged and smaller than atoms

Question 28

What was J.J Thomson’s plum pudding model?

Answer 28

Atoms are spheres of positive charge Electrons dotted inside it, like pieces of fruit in a cake

Question 29

What did Ernest Rutherford do for the atomic model?

Answer 29

An atom has a positively charged nucleus containing most of its mass Electrons orbit the nucleus

Question 30

What was the alpha particles experiment?

Answer 30

In 1909 Fired light beams of alpha particles at thin gold foil Most went straight through Some changed direction slightly Some came straight back

Question 31

What did the alpha particles experiment suggest?

Answer 31

An atom has a positively charged nucleus containing most mass Electrons orbit this nucleus

Question 32

What did Niels Bohr do for the atomic model?

Answer 32

Showed that electrons occupy fixed energy levels, or shells, around the nucleus

Question 33

Are periods on the periodic table horizontal or vertical?

Answer 33

Horizontal

Question 34

Are groups on the periodic table horizontal or vertical?

Answer 34

Vertical