C1.2 Atomic Structure

Question 1

Define atom

Answer 1

Smallest particle of an element. Atoms have a nucleus containing protons and (usually) neutrons, surrounded by electrons

Question 2

Define atomic number

Answer 2

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

Define atomic radius

Answer 3

Half the diameter of an atom

Question 4

Define bond

Answer 4

Attractive force b/w two particles

Question 5

Define bond length

Answer 5

Distance b/w the centres of two atoms that are chemically bonded together

Question 6

Define chemical symbol

Answer 6

letter or letters used by chemists to represent an element, e.g. the symbol for mercury is Hg

Question 7

Define electron

Answer 7

subatomic particle surrounding the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative charge of -1, and a very small mass

Question 8

Define element

Answer 8

Substance whose atoms have the same atomic number

Question 9

Define ion

Answer 9

Charged particle formed when an atom, or group of atoms, loses or gains electrons

Question 10

Define isotopes

Answer 10

Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons, are isotopes of the same element

Question 11

Define mass number

Answer 11

Number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

Question 12

Define molecule

Answer 12

particle consisting of two or more non-metal atoms chemically joined together by covalent bonds

Question 13

Define neutron

Answer 13

subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It has no charge and a relative mass of 1

Question 14

Define nucleus

Answer 14

Positively charged central part of an atom. It has no charge and a relative mass of 1

Question 15

Define plum pudding model

Answer 15

outdated model of the atom in which electrons are embedded in a sphere of positive charge

Question 16

Define protons

Answer 16

subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1

Question 17

Define shell

Answer 17

Region of space in an atom that can hold a certain number of electrons

Question 18

Define subatomic particle

Answer 18

Particles from which atoms are made, including protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 19

Define chemical change

Answer 19

Change that produces new substances

Question 20

Define chemical reaction

Answer 20

Process in which substances react to form different substances

Question 21

Define electrostatic forces

Answer 21

Forces of attraction or repulsion b/w electrically charged particles

Question 22

Define matter

Answer 22

Anything that has mass

Question 23

Define model

Answer 23

Description, analogy, or equation that helps you to explain the physical world

Question 24

Define particle

Answer 24

Tiny piece of matter, such as an atom, ion or molecule

Question 25

Define particle model

Answer 25

Scientific idea used to explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases

Question 26

Define physical change

Answer 26

Change, such as changes in state, that does not result in new substances being made

Question 27

Define state

Answer 27

The form that a substance has (solid, liquid, or has) under given conditions of temperature and pressure