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GCSE Chemistry OCR A > C2.2 Bonding > Flashcards

C2.2 Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Meaning of acidic

A

Having a pH value less than 7

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2
Q

Meaning of alkaline

A

Having a pH value greater than 7

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3
Q

Meaning of ball-and-stick model

A

A representation of ionic compounds and molecules in which balls represent the atoms or ions, and springs or plastic links represent the chemical bonds

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4
Q

Meaning of brittle

A

When a substance is likely to crack or shatter when hit

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5
Q

Meaning of chemical property

A

A feature of a substance that can only be determined by studying its chemical reactions

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6
Q

Meaning of conductor

A

Able to carry electrical or thermal energy

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7
Q

Meaning of covalent bond

A

A strong force of attraction between the nuclei of two atoms that are sharing one or more pairs of electrons

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8
Q

Meaning of delocalised electron

A

A free electron in a molecule, ion or solid metal that is not part of an individual atom or bond

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What is the pH value of an acidic substance?

A

Less than 7

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11
Q

What is the pH value of an alkaline substance?

A

Greater than 7

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12
Q

What does a ball-and-stick model represent?

A

Ionic compounds and molecules using balls for atoms or ions and springs or plastic links for chemical bonds

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13
Q

What does it mean for a substance to be brittle?

A

Likely to crack or shatter when hit

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14
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A feature of a substance determined by studying its chemical reactions

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15
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Able to carry electrical or thermal energy

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16
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A strong force of attraction between the nuclei of two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons

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17
Q

What is a delocalised electron?

A

A free electron in a molecule, ion, or solid metal not part of an individual atom or bond

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18
Q

What is a displayed formula?

A

A diagram representing atoms by chemical symbols and covalent bonds by lines

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19
Q

What does a dot-and-cross diagram illustrate?

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A

Electron shells as circles, with electrons represented as dots or crosses

20
Q

What does ductile mean?

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A

Able to be drawn into wire without breaking

21
Q

What is an electron diagram?

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A

A model of an atom or ion with shells as circles and electrons as dots or crosses

22
Q

What is meant by electronic structure?

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A

The arrangement of the electrons in an atom

23
Q

What is a giant covalent structure?

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A

An arrangement of non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds in a regular arrangement

24
Q

What is a giant ionic lattice?

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A

A structure of ionic compounds with oppositely charged ions in a regular and repeating arrangement

25
What holds the ions in a giant ionic lattice together?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction
26
What is a giant metallic lattice?
The repeating regular arrangement of metal atoms or ions in a solid state
27
What is a group in the periodic table?
A column of elements with similar chemical properties and the same number of electrons in their outer shells
28
What is an insulator?
Unable to carry electrical or thermal energy
29
What are intermolecular forces?
Weak forces of attraction that exist between simple molecules
30
What is an ion?
Charged particle formed when an atom, or a group of atoms, loses or gains electrons ## Footnote Ions can be either positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).
31
What defines an ionic bond?
Strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions ## Footnote Ionic bonds typically form between metals and non-metals.
32
What is an ionic compound?
A compound containing oppositely charged ions from different elements ## Footnote Common examples include sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium oxide (MgO).
33
Define malleable.
Able to be bent, hammered, or pressed into shape without cracking or shattering ## Footnote Malleability is a key characteristic of metals.
34
What is a metal?
A substance that is usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and a good electrical or thermal conductor ## Footnote Metals are typically found on the left side and in the center of the periodic table.
35
Describe a metallic bond.
The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and metal ions ## Footnote This type of bond gives metals their characteristic properties, such as conductivity.
36
What is a monomer?
Small molecules that can join together to form polymer molecules ## Footnote Examples of monomers include glucose and amino acids.
37
Define a non-metal.
A substance that is usually dull, brittle, and a poor electrical or thermal conductor ## Footnote Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.
38
What is meant by the outer shell in an atom?
The outermost occupied shell in an atom ## Footnote The electrons in the outer shell are involved in chemical bonding.
39
What is an oxide?
A type of compound formed when an element or compound gains oxygen ## Footnote Common oxides include water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
40
What is a period in the periodic table?
A row in which the atomic number increases by 1 going from one element to the next ## Footnote There are seven periods in the periodic table.
41
What is the periodic table?
A table in which elements are arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups), in order of increasing atomic number ## Footnote The periodic table is a fundamental tool in chemistry.
42
Define a physical property.
Feature of a substance that can be observed or measured, such as its melting point or colour ## Footnote Physical properties can be used to identify substances.
43
What is a polymer?
Substance with molecules made from many repeat units ## Footnote Common examples include plastics, proteins, and DNA.
44
What is a repeating unit in a polymer?
A section of a polymer molecule that is repeated many times in the molecules ## Footnote The structure of the repeating unit determines the properties of the polymer.
45
Define a simple molecule.
A particle consisting of a few non-metal atoms joined together by covalent bonds ## Footnote Examples include water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
46
What is a space-filling model?
A representation of ionic compounds and molecules in which balls represent the atoms or ions ## Footnote This model visually demonstrates the relative sizes of atoms in a molecule.

GCSE Chemistry OCR A (18 decks)

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