C12 The Earth's Resources

Question 1

What is a finite resource

Answer 1

Resources that are being used up faster thenthey can be replaced

Question 2

What is a synthetic product

Answer 2

Products which supplement or replace natural products

Question 3

Examples of finite resources

Answer 3

Coal, natural gas, crude oil

Question 4

What is a renewable resource

Answer 4

Resources that can be replaced at the same rate at which they are used up.

Question 5

Examples of renewable resources

Answer 5

Cotton, solar power and wood

Question 6

Examples of a synthetic product

Answer 6

Polyester, nylon, acrylic resin

Question 7

Stage 1 of waste water treatment

Answer 7

Screening and grit removal- Large solids and grit removed

Question 8

Stage 2 of waste water treatment

Answer 8

Primary sedimentation tanks-Organic waste sinks to bottom as sludge. Remaining water (effluent) taken from the top.

Question 9

Stage 3 of waste water treatment

Answer 9

Aeration-Good bacteria kill harmful bacteria in aeration tanks where air is pumped through effluent.

Question 10

Stage 4 of waste water treatment

Answer 10

Final settling tanks-Good bacteria sink to bottom in sludge.

Question 11

Stage 5 of waste water treatment

Answer 11

Sludge treatment-Anaerobic digestion of sludge by bacteria.

Question 12

Stage 6 of waste water treatment

Answer 12

Burners-Methane burned for heat and electricity generation.

Question 13

What is pure water

Answer 13

Water that is 100% water and contains nothing else

Question 15

What is potable water

Answer 15

What that is fit to drink-contains low levels of microbes and dissolved substances

Question 16

What is waste water

Answer 16

Used water from homes, industry and agriculture-contains high levels of microbes and contains dissolved substances.

Question 17

What is fresh water

Answer 17

Water in underground streams and rocks, rivers, lakes,ice caps and glaciers. Contains low levels of microbes and very low levels of dissolved substances.

Question 18

What is ground water

Answer 18

Water in underground streams and rocks. Contains low levels of microbes and contains dissolved substances

Question 19

What is sea water

Answer 19

Water in the seas and oceans. It contains high levels of microbes and contains dissolved substances.

Question 20

Ways of making potable water from fresh water

Answer 20

Filtration-removes solids
Sterilisation-kills microbes-done by adding chlorine or treating with ozone or using uv light.

Question 21

ways of making potable water from sea water

Answer 21

Distillation and reverse osmosis

Question 22

What is an ore

Answer 22

A rock containing metal

Question 23

What is a high grade and low grade ore

Answer 23

High grade-high % of metal
Low grade-low % of metal

Question 24

Two methods of metal extraction

Answer 24

Phytomining and bioleaching-both avoid traditional methods of mining

Question 25

What is phytomining

Answer 25

1. Using plants to absorb metal compounds from low grade ore. 2. Plants are harvested and burnt. The metal compounds are extracted from the ash.

Question 26

What is bioleaching

Answer 26

Bacteria feed on low grade metal ores to produce a solution of copper ions-leachate

Question 27

What is a redox reaction

Answer 27

Reduction and oxidisation

Question 28

What is a cathode and what is an anode

Answer 28

Cathode-negative non-metal ion Anode-positive metal ion

Question 29

What stages of a products life does a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) work out the environmental impact

Answer 29

Extracting and processing raw materials, manufacturing and packaging, use and reuse, dispose.

Question 30

What are value judgements

Answer 30

Scores that an individual comes up with to measure impact

Question 31

Examples of limited raw materials

Answer 31

Metals, building materials, glass, ceramics and plastic.

Question 32

Impacts on the environment of quarrying and mining

Answer 32

Noise, dust, visual pollution and it destroys habitats.

Question 33

What is sustainable development

Answer 33

Meeting the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 34

What are the three Rs

Answer 34

Reuse-less demand for new products. Reduce-less amount of waste produced Recycle-less new materials are needed.

Question 35

How can scrap steel be recycled

Answer 35

By adding scrap steel to the iron from a blast furnace.

Question 36

Step 1 of purifying test water practical

Answer 36

Each sample of water is tested using universal indicator to find the pH of the water. pH- < 7 are acidic pH- > 7 are alkaline pH- = 7 is neutral

Question 37

Step 2 of purifying test water practical

Answer 37

A clean, dry watch is weighed. You can use the same watch glass in step 3 providing you wash and dry it each time.

Question 38

Step 3 of purifying test water practical

Answer 38

Each water sample is tested for the presence of dissolved solids. This is done by placing 5cm' of the water in the watch glass and gently heating it over a beaker of boiling water to evaporate the water and leave any dissolved on the watch glass. The watch glass is then weighed again to find the mass of any dissolved solids.

Question 39

Step 4 of purifying test water practical

Answer 39

The sea water is distilled. Steam from the boiling sea water passes through the delivery tube and condenses to liquid water in the cooled test tube. Any dissolved solids present remain in the conical flask.

Question 40

Step 5 of purifying test water practical

Answer 40

A portion of distillate from step 4 is tested for pH.

Question 41

Step 6 of purifying test water practical

Answer 41

A portion of distillate from step 4 is tested for the presence of dissolved solids.