C15 Organic Reactions

Question 1

Process used to make alkenes

Answer 1

Cracking

Question 2

Uses of alkenes

Answer 2

• Producing polymers
• Used as chemical feedstock (raw material to supply or fuel a machine or industrial process)

Question 3

Define feedstock

Answer 3

A raw material to supply or fuel a machine or industrial process

Question 4

During combustion do alkanes or alkenes release more energy per mole

Answer 4

Alkanes release more energy per mole

Question 5

When an alkene is combusted, is the combustion more likely to be complete or incomplete

Answer 5

Incomplete

Question 6

Complete the word equation:

Ethene + Hydrogen ——> ____________

Answer 6

Ethane

Question 7

Why are alkanes more saturated than alkenes

Answer 7

There is no more space to add more carbon or hydrogen atoms

Question 8

What do you add to an alkene to form an alcohol

Answer 8

Water (vapour)

Question 9

Show the general equation used to produce an alcohol

Answer 9

Alkene + Water ——–> Alcohol
OR
Glucose —> Ethanol + Water

Question 10

What 3 things can you react with an alkene to produce a new product

Answer 10

• Alkene + Halogens ——-> Di(Halogen)alkene
• Alkene + Hydrogen ——-> Alkane
• Alkene + Water ——-> Alcohol

Question 11

Name the 2 ways an alcohol can be made

Answer 11

• Fermentation of sugars
• Reacting Alkene and water

Question 12

What is produced when you react an alcohol and sodium

Answer 12

An alkoxide

Question 13

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid

Answer 13

COOH

Question 14

What 2 products are produced when you react an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

Answer 14

Ethanol + Ethanoic Acid ——-> Ethyl Ethanoate + Water

Question 15

Uses for alcohols

Answer 15

• Mixed with water to form substances that don’t dissolve in water
• Alcoholic drinks
• Common in perfumes, aftershaves and mouthwashes

Question 16

How do you form carboxylic acids

Answer 16

Oxidation of alcohols

Question 17

How to form an ester

Answer 17

Carboxylic acid + alcohol ——> Ester (REQUIRES SULPHURIC ACID AS A CATALYST)

Question 18

Uses of esters

Answer 18

• Perfumes
• Flavourings

Question 19

What happens to carboxylic acids when reacted with water

Answer 19

• Carboxylic acid is partially ionised
• Forms weakly acidic solutions (weak acids)

Question 20

Functional group of alcohol

Answer 20

OH

Question 21

General formula for alkanes

Answer 21

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 22

General formula for alkenes

Answer 22

C(n)H(2n)