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GCSE CHEMISTRY > C15 Organic reactions > Flashcards

C15 Organic reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

a group of compounds with the same functional group

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2
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms that determines the properties of a compound

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3
Q

What are alkenes?

A

A homologous series with a double carbon-carbon bond

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4
Q

What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen?

A

An alkane

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5
Q

What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene with a halogen?

A

A haloalkane

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6
Q

What conditions are required for the addition reaction of an alkene with steam?

A

High temperature
High pressure
and a Catalyst

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7
Q

What are alcohols?

A

A homologous series with an -OH group

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8
Q

How are alcohols produced?

A

Steam with an alkene or fermentation

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9
Q

What conditions are required to produce alcohols by fermenting?

A

Sugar solutions with yeast mixed in
Warm
Sealed vessel

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10
Q

Name the first four alcohols

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

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11
Q

What are the products of a reaction between an alcohol and sodium?

A

Hydrogen and an alkoxide

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12
Q

What is the organic product formed by the oxidation of an alcohol?

A

Carboxylic acis

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13
Q

Name an oxidising agent

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

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14
Q

What are carboxylic acids?

A

A homologous series with a -COOH group

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15
Q

What do carboxylic acids form when they react with sodium carbonate?

A

salt
carbon dioxide
water

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16
Q

How are carboxylic acids produced?

A

Oxidation of alcohols

17
Q

Name the first four carboxylic acid

A

Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid

18
Q

What is the organic product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?

A

An ester

19
Q

What catalyst is normally used in the formation of esters?

A

Concentrated sulfuric acid

20
Q

What occurs when pure carboxylic acids are added to water

A

A weak acid is formed

21
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

-Formation of polymers
-A chemical feedstock

22
Q

What are alcohols used for?

A

Beverages
Perfumes
Aftershave
Mouthwash
Solvents

23
Q

What are carboxylic acids used for?

A

Ethanoic acid is used in vinegar

24
Q

Combustion reaction of alcohols

A

Combust easily, burn with a blue flame

Produce carbon dioxide and water

25
Q

Combustion reaction of carboxylic acids

A

They can undergo combustion but they are not widely used as fuel

26
Q

Combustion reaction of alkenes

A

Complete will produce carbon dioxide and water

Incomplete will result in a smoky yellow flame

Both types of alkene combustion release less energy per mole than alkanes

GCSE CHEMISTRY (20 decks)

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