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GCSE CHEMISTRY > C20 Making our resources > Flashcards

C20 Making our resources Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is corrosion?

A

When a material reacts with substances in the environment and eventually wears away

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2
Q

How can corrosion be prevented?

A

Physical barriers e.g coated in paint or plastic

Sacrificial protection

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3
Q

How does aluminium have its own physical barrier?

A

Aluminium reacts with oxygen to produce aluminium oxide

This acts as a physical barrier to protect against corrosion

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4
Q

What is sacrificial protection?

A

A more reactive substance is placed on the material

The more reactive substance will react with the environment instead of the main material

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5
Q

Example of sacrificial protection

A

Iron is galvanised with zinc

Zinc reacts with oxygen and water in place of the iron

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6
Q

Composition of BRONZE

A

Copper and tin

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7
Q

Properties of BRONZE

A

Resistant to corrosion

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8
Q

Uses of BRONZE

A

Statues
Decorative items
Ship propellers

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9
Q

Composition of BRASS

A

Copper and zinc

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10
Q

Properties of BRASS

A

Very hard but workable

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11
Q

Uses of BRASS

A

Door fittings
Taps
Musical instruments

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12
Q

Composition of GOLD ALLOYS

A

Mostly Gold with copper, silver and zinc added

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13
Q

Properties of GOLD ALLOYS

A

Attractive
Corrosion resistant

Hardness depends on carat

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14
Q

Composition of HIGH CARBON STEEL

A

Iron with 1-2% carbon

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15
Q

Properties of HIGH CARBON STEEL

A

Strong but brittle

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16
Q

Uses of HIGH CARBON STEEL

A

Cutting tools
Metal presses

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17
Q

Composition of LOW CARBON STEEL

A

Iron with <1% carbon

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18
Q

Properties of LOW CARBON STEEL

A

Soft
Easy to shape

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19
Q

Uses of LOW CARBON STEEL

A

Cars
Machinery
Ships
Containers
Structural steel

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20
Q

Composition of STAINLESS STEEL

A

Iron with chromium and nickel

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21
Q

Properties of STAINLESS STEEL

A

Resistant to corrosion
Hard

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22
Q

Uses of STAINLESS STEEL

A

Cutlery
Plumbing

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23
Q

Composition of ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

A

Over 300 alloys available

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24
Q

Properties of ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

A

Low density

Properties depend on compostion

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25
Uses of ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Aircrafts Military uses
26
Composition of SODA-LIME GLASS
Heated mixture of sand, sodium carbonate and limestone
27
Properties of SODA-LIME GLASS
Transparent brittle
28
Uses of SODA-LIME GLASS
Everyday glass objects
29
Composition of BOROSILICATE GLASS
Heated sand and boron trioxide
30
Properties of BOROSILICATE GLASS
Higher melting point than soda-lime glass
31
Uses of BOROSILICATE GLASS
Oven glassware Laboratory glassware
32
Manufacture of CLAY CERAMICS
Shape wet clay then heat in a furnace
33
Properties of CLAY CERAMICS
Hard Brittle Easy to shape before manufacture Resistant to corrosion
34
Uses of CLAY CERAMICS
Crockery Construction Bricks
35
What do the properties of polymers depend on?
The monomers that make them up Conditions under which they are made
36
What type of polymer is LOW DENSITY POLY(ETHENE)
Addition polymerisation
37
How is LOW DENSITY POLY(ETHENE) formed?
When addition polymerisation reaction of ethene is carried out under HIGH PRESSURE and in the presence of a SMALL AMOUNT OF OXYGEN
38
What type of polymer is HIGH DENSITY POLY(ETHENE)?
Addition polymerisation
39
How is HIGH DENSITY POLY(ETHENE) formed?
When addition polymerisation of ethene is carried out using a CATALYST at 50'
40
Properties of thermosoftening polymers
They do not have links between each layer (like graphite) Soften when they are heated
41
Properties of thermosetting polymers
They have strong links between the different chains Do not melt when heated
42
What are composites?
Made from 2 materials A matrix (main material) with fragments of other fibres or other materials (reinforcements)
43
Example of composites
Plywood Reinforced concrete
44
What is the Haber process?
Creating ammonia from gases in the air
45
Why is the Haber process used?
Ammonia is used to create fertilisers and improve the growth of crop plants
46
Haber process reaction
nitrogen + hydrogen --> ammonia
47
What type of reaction is the Haber process?
Reversible reaction
48
Under what circumstances are the nitrogen and hydrogen compressed during the Haber process?
450'c 200 Pressure
49
What catalyst is used in the Haber process?
Iron catalyst
50
Compromise (Haber process)
Conditions used for the Haber process are a compromise to balance yield, cost and rate
51
Temperature condition for the Haber process
The forward reaction is exothermic Therefore lowering the temperature would increase the yield of ammonia but also decrease the rate of reaction
52
Pressure condition for the Haber process
There are fewer gas molecules on the product side So increasing the pressure would increase the yield and rate of reaction but would be VERY EXPENSIVE
53
Catalyst condition for the Haber process
Iron is an effective catalyst Doesn't increase yield but increases the rate
54
NPK Fertilisers
Fertilisers that contain soluble compounds of: Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium
55
How is phosphorous for NPK fertilisers processed?
Mining Phosphate rocks react with acid Phosphate salts
56
Single super phosphate
Calcium sulphate + Calcium phosphate
57
Triple super phosphate
Calcium phosphate
58
How is ammonium sulphate produced?
Ammonia solution and sulfuric acid neutralise via titration Then evaporate using crystallisation Ammonium sulphate is produced
59
Producing fertilisers in a lab
Small quantity produced Made in one batch Glass apparatus Slow speed
60
Producing fertilisers on an industrial level
Large quantities produced Continuous process Stainless steel apparatus Fast speed

GCSE CHEMISTRY (20 decks)

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