c17/18 chromosomal basis of inheritance

Question 1

The genetic material that resides within chromosomes is Blank______

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

After DNA replication in a heterozygote, the two sister chromatids on a single chromosome contain Blank______

Answer 2

identical alleles

Question 3

The Blank______ alignment of chromosomes in meiosis I leads to the independent assortment of alleles on different chromosomes

Answer 3

random

Question 4

The chromosomes that are different in males and females, and which come in a pair, are termed _______

Answer 4

sex chromosomes

Question 5

Correct factor that determines the sex of an individual: x-y system

Answer 5

presence or absence of the y chromosome

Question 6

Correct factor that determines the sex of an individual: x-o system

Answer 6

ratio between x chromosomes and autosome sets

Question 7

Correct factor that determines the sex of an individual: haploidiploid system

Answer 7

haploid or diploid set of chromosomes

Question 8

Correct factor that determines the sex of an individual: z-w system

Answer 8

presence or absence of the w chromosome

Question 9

The genetic material of a cell is the ______ within chromosomes

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

A gene found on the X chromosome and not on the Y chromosome is designated as an X-______ gene

Answer 10

linked

Question 11

In meiosis, when a cell prepares to divide, the homologs replicate so that each homolog consists of a pair of

Answer 11

sister chromatids

Question 12

Independent assortment of alleles of different genes can be explained by the random alignment of _____ ______ of chromosomes during meiosis 1

Answer 12

homologous pairs

Question 13

The sex chromosomes refer to a distinctive pair of chromosomes that vary between _____ and ______ individuals

Answer 13

male and female

Question 14

What are the three general rules for genes that follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance?

Answer 14

• the genes obey Mendel’s law of segregation
• for crosses involving 2 or more genes, the genes obey Mendel’s law of independent assortment
• genes are generally passed unaltered from cell to cell, and from generation to generation

Question 15

Match each sex determination system with a representative species.: x-y

Answer 15

human

Question 16

Match each sex determination system with a representative species.: x-o

Answer 16

fruit fly

Question 17

Match each sex determination system with a representative species.: z-w

Answer 17

bird

Question 18

Match each sex determination system with a representative species.: haplodiploid

Answer 18

bee

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true regarding epigenetics?

Answer 19

• variations are reversible from one generation to the next
• variations of gene expression that are unrelated to DNA sequence variants
• Epigenetic changes may be transmitted to offspring
• epigenetic changes are transmissible from cell to cell

Question 20

What are genes exclusively located on the X chromosome called?

Answer 20

x-linked

Question 21

Genomic imprinting is an example of a phenomenon called ____ inheritance

Answer 21

epigenetic

Question 22

One of the first imprinted genes to be identified was a gene in mice called Igf2. This gene encodes a growth hormone called ____-like growth _____ 2 (lgf2)

Answer 22

• insulin
• factor

Question 23

In genomic imprinting, the transcription of the imprinted gene is inhibited because Blank______.

Answer 23

the DNA is methylated

Question 24

Mendelian inheritance is characterized by three general rules: 1. Except in the case of rare _________, genes are passed unaltered from generation to generation; 2. Each gene obeys Mendel’s law of _________; and 3. During crosses, two or more genes obey Mendel’s law of independent ________
.

Answer 24

• mutations
• segregation
• assortment

Question 25

What type of inheritance describes X-chromosome inactivation

Answer 25

epigenetic

Question 26

The term which describes changes in gene expression that are not related to variations of the DNA sequence, yet are transmissible and are reversible, is _____

Answer 26

epigenetic

Question 27

What type of inheritance describes genomic imprinting?

Answer 27

epigenetic

Question 28

What is a Barr body?

Answer 28

a highly condensed x chromosome

Question 29

The gene Igf2 encodes a(n) Blank_____

Answer 29

growth hormone

Question 30

The cells of humans and other mammals are able to inactivate all but one of the X chromosomes, because these cells have the ability to _____ their x chromosomes

Answer 30

count

Question 31

The marking process that occurs during genomic imprinting is the addition of ____ groups to DNA

Answer 31

methyl

Question 32

Adult, wild-type mice with genotype AA for the Agouti gene will have what color coat hairs?

Answer 32

brown with black tips

Question 33

The process of X-chromosome inactivation occurs during embryonic development in female mammals and leads to the silencing of one of the two X chromosomes found in somatic cells. This is an example of a(n) _______ change

Answer 33

epigenetic

Question 34

A true association occurs when Blank______.

Answer 34

two variables follow a pattern

Question 35

In eukaryotes, where are genes found?

Answer 35

- mitochondria - chloroplasts - the nucleus

Question 36

A highly condensed X chromosome is known as a(n) ______ body

Answer 36

barr

Question 37

What is the phenomenon called in which a trait of the offspring is solely determined by the value of the trait in the female parent because it is passed on via the organelles in the egg cell?

Answer 37

maternal inheritance

Question 38

In humans and other mammals, X chromosomes are counted. This process ensures that any normal somatic cell contains ______ active x chromosome(s)

Answer 38

one

Question 39

In humans, mitochondria are inherited through a type of uniparental inheritance called ____ inheritance

Answer 39

maternal

Question 40

In mice, the Agouti gene regulates Blank______.

Answer 40

the deposition of yellow pigment in hair

Question 41

Which phenomenon describes the presence of two genes very close to each other on the same chromosome, and which are transmitted together as a unit?

Answer 41

linkage

Question 42

In statistics, changes in two variables that follow a pattern is termed a(n) Blank______.

Answer 42

association

Question 43

Which of the following hypotheses did Thomas Hunt Morgan propose for the unexpected results he obtained when studying transmission of genes in Drosophila?

Answer 43

- genes located on the same chromosome are more likely to be inherited together, violating Mendel's law of independent assortment - crossing over occurs during meiosis, allowing chromosomes to create new allele combinations - the likelihood of a crossover between genes is related to how far apart they are on the chromosome

Question 44

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic genes is TRUE?

Answer 44

most, but not all genes, are found in the nucleus

Question 45

The determination of the arrangement of genes in a species’ genome is called Blank______

Answer 45

genetic mapping

Question 46

In a particular plant, the pigmentation of the offspring depends exclusively on the pigmentation of the female parent. This phenomenon is known as ____ inheritance

Answer 46

maternal

Question 47

How are mitochondria inherited in humans?

Answer 47

maternal inheritance

Question 48

When two genes are located close to one another on a chromosome, they tend to be transmitted together. This phenomenon is known as

Answer 48

linkage

Question 49

Thomas Hunt Morgan recognized that some genes in Drosophila violated the law of independent assortment. He proposed that such genes were located on the same chromosome and that new combinations of alleles could be created only if ____ ______ occurred during meiosis

Answer 49

crossing over

Question 50

Determining the linear order and the distance between genes on the same chromosome is the purpose of genetic _____

Answer 50

mapping