C2: Phases and Thermochemistry Flashcards
Class 2 (30 cards)
describe the phase change from:
solid to gas
sublimination
describe the phase change from:
solid to liquid
fusion/ melting
describe the phase change from:
liquid to gas
vaporization/ boiling/ evaporation
describe the phase change from:
gas to liquid
condensation
describe the phase change from:
liquid to solid
solidification/ freezing/ crystallization
describe the phase change from:
gas to solid
deposition
from solid > liquid > gas…
- heat is (absorbed/ released) ____
- temperature ____
- kinetic energy ____
- entropy ____
- intermolecular forces ____
- absorbed
- increases
- increases
- increases
- decrease
from gas > liquid > solid …
- heat is (released/ absorbed) ____
- temperature ____
- kinetic energy ____
- entropy ____
- intermolecular forces ____
- released
- decreases
- decreases
- decreases
- increase
in a phase transition diagram,
what is the heat of transition?
- heat of fusion?
-heat of vaporization?
the amount of energy required to to complete a transition
- the amount of heat that must be absorbed to change a solid into a liquid
- the energy absorbed when a liquid changes to a gas
what formula is used when trying to find the amount of heat within a phase transition diagram?
- if change in H and q are positive, heat is ____
- if change in H and q are negative, heat is ____
q= n x change in H(phase change)
where q= heat
n= # of moles of substance
- absorbed
- released
what is the formula for heat capacity?
q= mc x change in T
where q= heat
m= mass of the sample
c= specific heat of the substance
what is a calorie?
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C
the specific heat of a substance depends upon its ____
phase (s, l, g)
what is the SI unit for energy?
joule
1 cal = ____ J
4.2
which 11 elements are gases at standard state conditions?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
which 2 elements are liquid at standard state conditions?
Hg and Br2
what are the 7 diatomic elements at standard state conditions?
- what is a good mnemonic to remember these?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
- BrINCl HOF
for molecular solids..
- describe their structure
- are they malleable or rigid?
- are they conductors?
- are their BPs and MPs low or high?
- nonmetal atoms connected by covalent bonds, molecules have weak intermolecular forces
- soft
- no
- low
for ionic solids..
- describe their structure
- are they malleable or rigid?
- are they conductors?
- are their BPs and MPs low or high?
- metal cations and nonmetal anions from a crystal lattice locked in by electrostatic interaction
- rigid
- no
- high
for metallic solids..
- describe their structure
- are they malleable or rigid?
- are they conductors?
- are their BPs and MPs low or high?
- metal atoms form cations with delocalized valence electrons
- malleable
- yes
- medium
for covalent networks ..
- describe their structure
- are they malleable or rigid?
- are they conductors?
- are their BPs and MPs low or high?
- carbon or metalloid atoms form an extended network of covalent bonds
- rigid
- mostly no
- very high
in a phase transition diagram..
- which is on the x and y axis?
- inclines indicate ___ changes and plateaus indicate ____ changes. can both of these happen at the same time?
- the first incline indicates a ____ state, second a ____ state, and third a ____ state
- the first plateau indicates ____ and the second indicates ____
- x axis= heat (q), y axis= temperature
- temperature; phase. cannot happen simultaneously
- solid; liquid; gas
- fusion; vaporization
what is specific heat (c)?
- what does a large c mean?
- small c?
the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram (or 1 mol) of a substance by by 1 degree C or 1K
- slower to heat or cool
- faster to heat or cool
