C2 Terms Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is an extraneous variable?
Any variable that you’re not investigating that can potentially affect the dependent variable of your research study. AFFECTS EVERYONE
What is a confounding variable?
A type of extraneous variable that not only affects the dependent variable, but is also related to the independent variable. AFFECTS SOME PEOPLE
What is a significance level?
The probability that an event could have occurred by chance, can be used to determine whether results to a study are statistically significant
What is random sampling?
Type of probability sampling where participants are randomly selected
What is opportunity sampling?
Researcher selects participants that are available
What is split-half reliability?
Method for assessing the internal consistency of a test by splitting the test into two halves and comparing them
What is test-retest reliability?
The consistency of a measurement tool over time when administered to the same participants in similar conditions
What is peer review?
Process where experts in the field critically evaluate research before it is published
What is a null hypothesis?
Prediction that there will be no significant result and that any correlation found is purely due to chance
What is a non-directional hypothesis?
Predicts that there will be a change but does not predict what that change will be
What is a quasi experiment?
IV is naturally occurring (eg gender) so cannot be manipulated by the researcher
What is the independent groups design?
Participants placed in separate groups and each does ONE level of the IV
What is the repeated measures design?
All participants receive all levels of the IV
What is the matched pairs design?
Two separate groups of participants which have been matched on a key characteristic which could affect the performance on the DV
What is snowball sampling?
Initial group of participants recruit more participants and those participants recruit even more participants
What is volunteer/self select sampling?
individuals have choses to partake in the study themselves usually by responding to an advert
What is Stratified/quota sampling?
Dividing target population into subgroups and selecting members in the proportions they occur in (eg race, age)
What is systematic sampling?
Using a predetermined system to select participants from the target population
What is an ethical issue?
Conflict between what the researcher needs to do in order to conduct useful and meaningful research and the rights of the participant
What is valid consent?
Giving participants enough information (in a form they can understand) so that they can make an informed choice about whether they wish to participate
What is deception?
Deliberately misleading or falsely informing participants about the nature of research.
What is risk of harm?
Risk of stress, anxiety, humiliation or pain (physical or psychological)
Risk to the participants’ values, beliefs, relationships, status or privacy.
What is confidentiality?
Ensuring that third parties are not able to trace information back to individual participants.
What is privacy?
Right to control flow of information about themselves
