Supporting and alternative evidence

Question 1

Picture of a white man holding a black man at knife point - remembered the wrong way round due to schemas

Answer 1

Allport and Postman (1947)

Question 2

71% experiences a significant reduction in their symptoms after CBT

Answer 2

Cahill et al (2003)

Question 3

Depressive realists tend to see things for how they are - normal people = rose tinted glasses

Answer 3

Alloy (1979)

Question 4

Witnesses to an armed robbery gave accurate reports 4 months later despite being given leading questions

Answer 4

Yuille and Cutshall (1986)

Question 5

75% of patients Showed improvements after having dream therapy

Answer 5

Matt and Navarro (1997)

Question 6

70% of patients reported benefits from dream therapy

Answer 6

Schredl et al (2000)

Question 7

165 orphans, attachment issues in those adopted after 6 months and had lower IQ

Answer 7

ERA (2010)

Question 8

Flight phobias decreased after 12-25 week treatment (SD)

Answer 8

Capafons (1998)

Question 9

Biological preparedness - innately more likely to fear snakes spiders and rats

Answer 9

Martin seligman

Question 10

Analysed his own brain and genes and found characteristics of a violent criminal but he wasn’t - Diasthesis stress

Answer 10

James fallon

Question 11

Analysed genes of 895 finnish prisoners and found link between MAOA gene and inc likelihood of violent crime

Answer 11

Tiihonen (2015)

Question 12

Decrease in impulsive and aggressive behaviour in male criminals after taking SSRI’s

Answer 12

Cherek (2002)

Question 13

Mindfulness can be used in combination with other therapies (MCBT)

Answer 13

Teasdale (2003)

Question 14

Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) developed for chronic patients in hospitals

Answer 14

Kabat-zinn (1990)

Question 15

MCBT is as effective as antidepressants

Answer 15

Kuyken (2015)

Question 16

Woman with epilepsy - placed electrodes near her Claustrum and when stimulated she lost consciousness and had not recollection of the event

Answer 16

Koubessi (2014)

Question 17

75% much improved with conventional antipsychotics compared to 25% placebo

Answer 17

Cole (1964)

Question 18

This allows advertisers to deliver personalised messages which manipulates our free will

Answer 18

Wilson (2008)

Question 19

Research could lead to compulsory treatments or a person being removed from society based purely on their brain structure

Answer 19

Raine et al (1997)

Question 20

TDCS led to an improvement in problem solving, mathematics, language and memory capabilities

Answer 20

Kadosh et al (2012)

Question 21

PET scans showed rational part of the brain is inactive whilst sleeping

Answer 21

Solms (2000)

Question 22

Use of naughty step and positive praise - +ve and -ve reinforcement are shown to improve the behaviour of children in her care

Answer 22

Supernanny

Question 23

Naughty step can have long term -ve effects - when they become adults they lack the ability to reflect on their behaviour and verbalise their feelings

Answer 23

Morris(2014)

Question 24

Students who have an increase in +ve experiences in school will have an increased benefit on their academic performance

Answer 24

Lefrancois (2000)

Question 25

Reward systems not used in other cultures eg Japan but they still have extremely motivated students

Answer 25

Lewis (1995)

Question 26

Found children as young as 10 were smoking due to peer pressure

Answer 26

Briker (2006)

Question 27

Social learning theory - use of +ve reinforcement through peers (praise and acceptance) helps children to learn appropriate behaviour for a range of situations as they learn off of eachother

Answer 27

Bandura

Question 28

Token economy shown to improve performance in reading and vocabulary in children with hyperactivity issues

Answer 28

Robinson (1981)

Question 29

Found that 20 hours a week was sufficient instead of 40

Answer 29

Anderson (1987)

Question 30

Compared reports from witnesses of crimes where a physical injury did occur to ones that didn't - both had high accuracy

Answer 30

Macleod (1986)

Question 31

Performed meta-analysis on eye-witness recall and found that stress had a -ve effect on accuracy of the reports

Answer 31

Deffenbacher (2004)

Question 32

Children between the ages of 6-11 are accurate in their memory recall after an event and are even less likely to lie

Answer 32

Davis (1989)

Question 33

Suggested there was an own age bias - both children and adults are better at recognising faces of their own age group than they are other age groups

Answer 33

Poole and Lindsay (1998)

Question 34

Students showed a decrease in depression symptoms after years. 22% vs 44% control group

Answer 34

Penns resiliency program

Question 35

Only +0.12 correlation between income and happiness

Answer 35

Diener (1993)

Question 36

Many school leaders began new hobbies in the pandemic including exercise and healthier personal routines

Answer 36

Burke (2020)

Question 37

People with enthusiasm, hopefulness and engagement in life have a lower risk of CHD

Answer 37

Thurston (2007)