C2.4 Groups in the Periodic Table

Question 1

How can elements and compounds be classified?

Answer 1

Ionic
Simple Molecular Covalent
Giant Molecular Covalent
Metallic

Question 2

What is the melting and boiling point of ionic bonding?

Answer 2

High

Ionic substances are solids at room temperature

Question 3

What is the solubility of ionic bonding?

Answer 3

Many dissolve in water

Question 4

Does ionic bonding conduct electricity?

Answer 4

Conducts electricity when molten or in solution

Question 5

What are the melting and boiling points of simple molecular covalent bonding?

Answer 5

Low - They are liquids and gases at room temperature

Question 6

What is the solubility of simple molecular covalent bonding?

Answer 6

Some dissolve in water

Question 7

Does simple molecular covalent bonding conduct electricity?

Answer 7

Doesn’t conduct electricity

Question 8

What are the giant molecular covalent bonding melting and boiling points?

Answer 8

High - Solids at room temperature

Question 9

What is the solubility of giant molecular substances?

Answer 9

Insoluble in water

Question 10

Does giant molecular substances conduct electricity?

Answer 10

Doesn’t conduct electricity except from graphite

Question 11

What are the properties of metallic substances?

Answer 11

Good conductor of heat and electricity 
Solids at room temperature
Doesn't dissolve in water
Malleable
Held together by metallic bonds

Question 12

What are atoms?

Answer 12

Smallest neutral part of element that can take part in chemical reactions

Question 13

What are elements?

Answer 13

Substances that cannot he split up into simpler substances

Question 14

What is a compound?

Answer 14

A substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together/combined

Question 15

What are bonds?

Answer 15

Force of attractions between atoms or ions

Question 16

What is Malleable?

Answer 16

Can be hammered into shape

Question 17

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 17

Type of bonding in metals

Question 18

What are transition metals?

Answer 18

Metal elements located in the central block of the periodic table

Question 19

What are the structure of metals?

Answer 19

A regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea od delocalised electrons

Question 20

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 20

Limited to malleability

Can conduct electricity

Question 21

What are most metals?

Answer 21

Transition metals

Question 22

What are the properties of transition metals?

Answer 22

High melting point

Forms coloured compounds

Question 23

What are delocalised electrons?

Answer 23

Free electrons that can move around between ions in a metal or in layers of graphite

Question 24

What are Alkali Metals?

Answer 24

Elements found in group 1 of the periodic table

Question 25

What are the properties of alkali metals?

Answer 25

Soft | Low melting points

Question 26

What is the word equation for alkali metals?

Answer 26

Metal + water Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 27

How does lithium react with water?

Answer 27

Floats on surface and fizzes but gradually disappears as reaction proceeds

Question 28

How does Sodium react with water?

Answer 28

Same as Lithium but more powerfully and has a low melting point

Question 29

How does Potassium react with water?

Answer 29

Same as Lithium and Sodium but even more powerfully and hydrogen catches fire producing a lilac flame

Question 30

What is the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

Answer 30

The reactivity of alkali metals increases as you go down the group

Question 31

What are the patterns in alkali metals?

Answer 31

Electrons increase further down the group (same with electron shells) This means that the outer electrons are further from the nucleus Force between positive and negative charges are greatest when charges are close together

Question 32

What is reactivity?

Answer 32

How fast an element reacts

Question 33

What are Halogens?

Answer 33

An element in Group 7 of the periodic table

Question 34

What are the properties of Fluorine?

Answer 34

Pale Yellow colour | Gas at room temperature

Question 35

What are the properties of Chlorine?

Answer 35

Yellow-Green colour | Gas at room temperature

Question 36

What are the properties of Bromine?

Answer 36

Brown colour | Liquid

Question 37

What are the properties of Iodine?

Answer 37

Grey colour | Solid

Question 38

What are the reactions of halogens with metals?

Answer 38

Similar reactions | Produce metal halides

Question 39

What is the word equation to produce halides?

Answer 39

Metal + Halogen Metal Halide

Question 40

What is a Halide?

Answer 40

A compound formed between a halogen and another element (EG - metal or hydrogen)

Question 41

What is produced when halogens react with hydrogen?

Answer 41

Hydrogen Halides which dissolve in water to form acidic solutions

Question 42

What are Displacement Reactions?

Answer 42

A reaction where a more reactive element takes place of a less reactive element

Question 43

Which Aqueous solution does Fluorine react with?

Answer 43

Metal Chloride Metal Bromide Metal Iodide

Question 44

Which Aqueous solution does Chlorine react with?

Answer 44

Metal Bromide | Metal Iodide

Question 45

Which Aqueous solution does Bromine react with?

Answer 45

Metal Iodide

Question 46

What is the definition of Noble Gases?

Answer 46

Elements in Group 0 of the periodic table

Question 47

What are Noble Gases compared with other elements?

Answer 47

Chemically inert

Question 48

Why is it difficult to get Noble Gases to react?

Answer 48

All elements in Group 0 have full outer electron shells

Question 49

Which chemists discovered Noble gases and what did they do?

Answer 49

Lord Rayleigh (1842 - 1919): He measured the densities of different gases But then he noticed that the density of pure nitrogen made in chemical reactions were less than the density of nitrogen made from air by removing gases Sir William Ramsay (1852 - 1916) He heard about the results and hypothesised that nitrogen made from air also contained a gas Experiments were carried out to test hypothesis and discovered Argon (gas) and helium He later found Neon, Krypton and Xenon

Question 50

What are the uses and properties of Noble Gases?

Answer 50

Inertness - Welding uses an inert gas to stop the hot metal reacting Low Density- Helium has a low density and it's used for filling balloons and airships Non-Flammability - Argon is used in fire-extinguishing systems because it's non-flammable

Question 51

What physical properties are used to estimate unknown values for Noble Gases?

Answer 51

Boiling Point - Increases as you go down the group Density - Increases as you go down the group

Question 52

What does inert mean?

Answer 52

Does not react