C3

Question 1

What are the three states of matter ?

Answer 1

Solid , liquid and gas

Question 2

What are the particles like in a solid ?

Answer 2

Particles in a solid are closely packed together and vibrate around in fixed positions .

Question 3

What are the particles like in a liquid ?

Answer 3

They are also close together but are free to move , and so can slip and slide over each other

Question 4

What are particles in a gas like ?

Answer 4

On average they have a lot of space to move around randomly .

Question 5

How is an ionic bond formed ?

Answer 5

When metals react with non-metals

Question 6

What ion does a metal form when reacting with a non - metal ?

Answer 6

Positive

Question 8

What ion does a non-metal form when reacting with a metal ?

Answer 8

Negative ions

Question 9

The ions that are formed in an ionic bonding are very strong because …

Answer 9

their is an attraction between the positively and negatively charged ions

Question 10

What is a giant ionic structure or lattice ?

Answer 10

Ionic bonds arranged together a lot .

Question 11

What is an intermolecular force ?

Answer 11

Forces between separate molecules that hold the substance together .

Question 12

What is an electrostatic force ?

Answer 12

The force between a negative and a positive charge

Question 13

In Giant ionic structures what are electrostatic forces like ?

Answer 13

Because their are lots of ionic bonds in a giant structure , it is very strong and the ions are held very tightly .

Question 14

Does it take a lot of energy to break up a giant ionic lattice ?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Do giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points ?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What happens when you have supplied enough energy to seperate the ions in a lattice ?

Answer 16

The ions are mobile

Question 17

What happens when an ion is mobile ?

Answer 17

The ionic solid melts and becomes a liquid.

Question 18

Can a solid ionic compound conduct electricity ? Why ?

Answer 18

No , because its particles are held in fixed positions.

Question 19

How can you seperate ions ?

Answer 19

Putting them in a solution or turning them into a molten compound

Question 20

What happens when non-metals react together ?

Answer 20

Their atoms share pairs of electrons to form molecules .

Question 21

Are covalent bonds strong ?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

How can you represent the bonding in a covalent molecule ?

Answer 22

. The outer shells
. Dot and cross diagram
. The number of bonds

Question 23

What are the intermolecular forces like in a covalent bond ?

Answer 23

Weak

Question 24

Do larger molecules have higher boiling and melting points ?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Why do covalent bonds have low melting and boiling points ?

Answer 25

Because they have weak intermolecular forces

Question 26

Do simple molecules conduct electricity ?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What is a polymer ?

Answer 27

A substance consisting of very large molecules made by polymerising a large number of repeating units or monomers .

Question 28

What are three examples of giant covalent structures ?

Answer 28

Graphite , diamond and silicon dioxide

Question 29

What is diamond ?

Answer 29

It is a form of the element carbon and it is the natural hardest substance in the world

Question 30

How can artificial diamonds be made ?

Answer 30

By heating pure carbon to very high temperatures under enormous pressures .

Question 31

What are three properties of giant covalent structures ?

Answer 31

. They have high melting and boiling points . They are insoluble in water . Apart from graphite , they are hard and do not conduct electricity

Question 32

In diamond how many atoms of carbon are connected to one atom of carbon ?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

In graphite , each carbon atom is connected to how many other carbon atoms ?

Answer 33

Three

Question 34

What shape do the covalent bonds in graphite form ?

Answer 34

Hexagons

Question 35

Can the layers in graphite slide over each other ?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

Is graphite a soft material ?

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

S

Question 38

How many electrons do carbon atoms have on their outer shell ?

Answer 38

4

Question 39

Because carbon atoms have one spare outer electron in graphite what do they do and what are they called ?

Answer 39

They are mobile electrons that can move freely along the layers of carbon atoms , these are delocalised electrons .

Question 40

How can graphite conduct electricity ?

Answer 40

Delocalised electrons

Question 41

In other structures the carbon atoms join together to form what ...

Answer 41

Hollow cages

Question 42

Who discovered long shaped molecules of carbon ?

Answer 42

In 1985 , radio astronomers revealed that long chains of carbon exist . The molecule was made up of 60 carbon atoms .

Question 43

What was the name of the hollow shapes molecules of carbon ?

Answer 43

Buckministerfullerenes or fullerenes

Question 44

What are cylindrical fullerenes also known as ?

Answer 44

Carbon nanotubes

Question 45

What properties do carbon nanotubes have ?

Answer 45

High tensile strength and high electrical conductivity

Question 46

What can fullerenes be used for ?

Answer 46

Drug delivery into the body or radioactive atoms to treat cancer

Question 47

If you could seperate a single sheet of carbon atoms from graphite you would get a layer of hexagonal rings of carbon atoms called ?

Answer 47

Graphene

Question 48

What are two qualities of graphene ?

Answer 48

It is an excellent conductor of electricity and is the most reactive form of carbon .

Question 49

Are layers of atoms in a pure metal able to slide over each other ?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Why can metals be hammered and bent into different shapes ?

Answer 50

Because their layers of atoms can slide easily over each other

Question 51

What is an example of a pure metal that is held in a giant metallic structure ?

Answer 51

Iron

Question 52

What is alloy ?

Answer 52

A Mixture of metals

Question 53

What are the positive ions in a metallic giant structure bonded to ?

Answer 53

A sea of delocalised electrons

Question 54

What are three qualities of a metal ?

Answer 54

. Metals are malleable . They have high melting points . They are good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 55

What is metallic bonding ?

Answer 55

Two metals bonded together

Question 56

Does metallic structure have a strong force of electrostatic attraction ?

Answer 56

Yes