C3. P4

Question 1

What is the technical term for hearing?

Answer 1

Audition

Question 2

Is auditory a 360 degree experience?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

How are sound waves created?

Answer 3

Things that vibrate and make sound press the molecules in the air together

Question 4

What are compressions?

Answer 4

Molecules that are tightly pushed together

Question 5

What are rarefactions?

Answer 5

Where molecules are more dispersed and spread out

Question 6

What are the two key characteristics of sound waves?

Answer 6

Amplitude and frequency

Question 7

What is amplitude?

Answer 7

The intensity and height of sound wave

Question 8

What happens when molecules are tightly packed together?

Answer 8

The higher the amplitude and the louder the sound

Question 9

What is frequency?

Answer 9

The number of cycles in a specified time frame

Question 10

What happens with rarefactions and compressions that make a lower pitch?

Answer 10

Sounds with long rarefactions will have fewer compressions move through the ear per second

Question 11

What happens with rarefactions and compressions that make a higher pitch?

Answer 11

When a wave has short rarefactions, more compressions enter the ear per second

Question 12

What are the three parts of the outer ear?

Answer 12

Pinna, ear canal, and eardrum

Question 13

What is the Pinna?

Answer 13

The outer portion of the ear that funnels sound in a downward direction

Question 14

What is the ear canal?

Answer 14

Tunnel inside of the head that amplifies lower sounds, which makes human speech easier

Question 15

What is the eardrum?

Answer 15

Membrane that vibrates in response to waves created by compression and rarefactions in sound waves

Question 16

What is the middle ear between?

Answer 16

Eardrum and cochlea

Question 17

What are the two parts of the middle ear?

Answer 17

Ossicle bones and oval window

Question 18

What happens with the hammer bone?

Answer 18

It connects to the eardrum at one end and the anvil bone at the other and where vibration enters and starts

Question 19

What happens with the anvil bone?

Answer 19

Gets moved by the hammer during vibration

Question 20

What happens with the stirrup?

Answer 20

Connects to oval window and anvil bone, so it vibrates with anvil vibration

Question 20

What happens with the stirrup?

Answer 20

Connects to oval window and anvil bone, so it vibrates with anvil vibration

Question 21

What is the oval window?

Answer 21

A membrane that covers the entrance to the cochlea, amplifying sound by 20x

Question 22

What are the three parts of the inner ear?

Answer 22

Cochlea, cilia, and auditory nerve

Question 23

What is the purpose of the cochlea?

Answer 23

It is filled with fluid and the basilar membrane in lined on the inside

Question 24

What is the cilia?

Answer 24

Small in size and bundle together. They fire a signal when their upper tips are brushed

Question 25

Are there more photoreceptors in the eye or cilia in the ear?

Answer 25

Photoreceptors

Question 26

What is the auditory nerve?

Answer 26

Sensory neurons bind their axons together into the afferent auditory nerve which carries information to the brain

Question 27

Where is the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 27

Temporal lobe

Question 28

What does the auditory cortex do?

Answer 28

Process the loudness of sound, the pitch of sound, and estimates the location

Question 29

True or false: sound from different angles reach the ear at the same time.

Answer 29

False, it will enter in the ear closest, but only by milliseconds

Question 30

Explain the excitation pattern model.

Answer 30

The brain interprets sounds waves that activate cilia. More cilia equals louder sound

Question 31

What is pitch theory?

Answer 31

The pitch of a sound is determined by the location of the cilia activated

Question 32

Where are short cilia located and what pitch do they make?

Answer 32

Closer to the oval window, high pitch

Question 33

Where are tall cilia located and what pitch do they make?

Answer 33

Deep in the cochlea, lower pitch

Question 34

What is selectively responsive?

Answer 34

Some cilia bundles respond to some pitches but not others

Question 35

What is a tonotopic map?

Answer 35

Distinct areas of the PAC process different tonal frequencies based on where their cilia are located

Question 36

What is frequency theory?

Answer 36

The rate at which signals are sent to the brain by the nerves

Question 37

Is association area processing top down or bottom up?

Answer 37

Top down

Question 38

Where does the PAC route the auditory information?

Answer 38

The association areas