C3. P7

Question 1

What is chemoreception?

Answer 1

Chemicals bind to olfactory receptors and transduce them into a neural signal

Question 2

What are odorants?

Answer 2

Molecules containing information about scent

Question 3

What are olfactory receptors?

Answer 3

They detect and respond to odorant that bind to them

Question 4

Where do olfactory receptors originate?

Answer 4

Olfactory bulbs

Question 5

What do olfactory bulbs contain?

Answer 5

Mitral cells that synapse with the olfactory receptors

Question 6

What is the olfactory nerve?

Answer 6

The cranial nerve responsible for carrying information about smell to the brain

Question 7

Which cranial nerve is the shortest?

Answer 7

Olfactory nerve

Question 8

What is the only cranial nerve that can repair itself?

Answer 8

Olfactory nerve

Question 9

Where does the olfactory nerve send information first?

Answer 9

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 10

Where is the POC located?

Answer 10

The temporal and frontal lobe

Question 11

What happens when odorants bind to olfactory receptors?

Answer 11

The receptors fire a signal to the dendrites of sensory neurons in the olfactory bulb

Question 12

How many odors can humans detect?

Answer 12

10,000

Question 13

How do we recognize scents?

Answer 13

The pattern of receptors that are activated

Question 14

Are women or men better at converting smells to words?

Answer 14

Women

Question 15

Which sense has the greatest impact on our recollection of memories?

Answer 15

Smell

Question 16

Why does smell have the greatest impact on memory?

Answer 16

There are direct connections to the limbic regions which play a role in formation of emotionally-laden memories

Question 17

Are humans born with the ability to differentiate every smell?

Answer 17

No, it acquires through lived experiences

Question 18

What has been shown to impact detection of odors?

Answer 18

Culture

Question 19

What is anosmia?

Answer 19

Loss of smell, which can also affect taste

Question 20

What can cause anosmia?

Answer 20

Infection, lesions in POC, damage to olfactory bulbs

Question 21

How is flavor a combination of taste, smell, and texture?

Answer 21

Bottom up processes integrates taste, smell. and texture. Top down processes make expectations

Question 22

What is chemoreception?

Answer 22

Small particles passing over the tongue entering taste buds and binding with gustatory receptors

Question 23

Where are taste buds?

Answer 23

Tongue, cheek, and upper esophagus

Question 24

Where are gustatory receptors?

Answer 24

in taste buds

Question 25

Do taste buds detect taste themselves?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

When do taste buds regenerate?

Answer 26

Every 10 days

Question 27

How do molecules become small for the taste buds?

Answer 27

Saliva dissolves small molecules of food

Question 28

Are there different kind of receptors, like sweet and sour?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

How do we determine conscious tatse?

Answer 29

Pattern of receptor activity

Question 30

What nerves does the tongue send to the brain about taste?

Answer 30

Cranial nerves

Question 31

What is the primary gustatory cortex?

Answer 31

Undefined location in brain which processes taste

Question 32

Where might the PGC be?

Answer 32

Association areas within the frontal lobe and brain

Question 33

What is the cranial trigeminal nerve?

Answer 33

nerve where information about texture, touch, temperature, and pain travel from the tongue to brain

Question 34

What are the five taste sensations?

Answer 34

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

Question 35

When do umami receptors fire?

Answer 35

In response to meaty-savory flavors

Question 36

Where are some association areas?

Answer 36

Frontal cortex

Question 37

Can the gustatory system change the nervous system?

Answer 37

Experience can alter and change our biology of expectation

Question 38

Who did the taste-test brand study?

Answer 38

McClure

Question 39

What is the taste-test brand study?

Answer 39

When given a pop with better flavor, people's brains would light up. When given a different type of pop and the name of it (coke) there was considerable more activity