C3 - Structure & Bonding

Question 1

What 3 forms can substances become?

Answer 1

solid, liquid & gas

Question 2

Describe the particle arrangement & movement in solids.

Answer 2

• closely packed
• vibrate on the spot in fixed positions
• cannot be compressed

Question 3

Describe the particle arrangement & movement in liquids.

Answer 3

• closely packed
• move round each other, touching
• randomly arranged
• cannot be compressed

Question 4

Describe the particle arrangement & movement in gases.

Answer 4

• spread out
• randomly arranged
• vibrate alot
• move quickly in all directions
• can be compressed

Question 5

Why can gases be compressed?

Answer 5

large gaps between particles & easier to push particles together

Question 6

What is the process of solid turning to a liquid called?

Answer 6

melting

Question 7

What is the process of a liquid turning to a gas called?

Answer 7

boiling

Question 8

What is the process of a gas turning to a liquid called?

Answer 8

condensation/boiling point

Question 9

What is the process of a liquid turning to a solid called?

Answer 9

freezing/melting point

Question 10

What is the process of gas turning to a solid called (& vice versa)?

Answer 10

sublimation

Question 11

On a temperature - heat graph, what do the flat lines represent?

Answer 11

state change

Question 12

What state of stability do atoms go from and go to when they become an ion?

Answer 12

high engy. = unstable
low engy = stable

Question 13

What is Metallic bonding?

Answer 13

bond betwn. metal & metal

Question 14

What are 3 properties of a metal?

Answer 14

• good condct. of heat & electricity
• hard & strong
• high melting & boiling points

Question 15

What are metals hard & strong?

Answer 15

electrostatic attractions betwn. are strong & require lots of engy to overcome

Question 16

Why do metals have high melting & boiling points?

Answer 16

electrostatic attractions are strong & require lots engy to overcome

Question 17

Describe the structure of a metal.

Answer 17

giant structure of reguarly arrangd. positive metal ions surrnd. by delocalised electrons

Question 18

Can metals conduct electricity?Why?

Answer 18

yes - have delocalised electrons that can move to pass on heat & charge through structure

Question 19

What are the electrostatic attractions in a metal between?

Answer 19

positive ions & delocalised ions

Question 20

What is Ionic bonding?

Answer 20

btwn. metal & non - metal

Question 21

What happens in Ionic bonding?

Answer 21

metal transfers electrons -> non - metal = full outer shell for both

Question 22

What are the properties of giant ionic lattice?

Answer 22

• high melting/boiling points
• solid giant ionic lattices can’t conduct electricity

Question 23

Why do giant ionic lattices have high melting/boiling points?

Answer 23

• have lots of electrostatic attractions
• btwn oppositely charged ions
• require significant energy to overcome

Question 24

Why can solid giant ionic lattices not conduct electricity?

Answer 24

• charged particles cannot move
• current cannot flow

Question 25

How are giant ionic lattices able to conduct electricty? Why?

Answer 25

molten or in aquesous solution
- charge particles can move = current can flow