C4 Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is group 1 called?
Group 1 recalled the alkali metals
What are some physical properties of group 1?
- soft (can be cut with a knife)
- low density (first 3 float)
- low MP and BP (in comparison to other metals)
How do group 1 atoms tend to react?
They form ionic compounds and never form covalent
Explain the trend in reactivity of group 1 metals
Group 1 metals are very reactive because they have large atomic radii, single outer electrons and low ionization energies
However the further down group 1 the more reactive it gets because the atomic radii increase so the outer electron is less strongly attached to the nucleus and needs less energy to remove it.
How do group 1 elements react with acids?
Like all metals the alkali metals react with acids to form a salt and a hydrogen.
Explain how each alkali metal reacts with water
All alkali metals react with water to form a hydroxide and hydrogen gas
- lithium fizzles furiously in water
- sodium and potassium fizz furiously and melt in reaction heat
- rubidium and caesium react violently and explode in water
Name all the physical properties of the transition metals
- High MP and BP
- High density
- Hard and strong
- Good conductors
- malleable
Name a use of transition metals in chemical reactions
Transition metals can be used as catalysts for example iron is used in the harber process and Vanadium peroxide is used in the contact process
What are two differences between transition metals and alkali metals in terms of reactivity?
Transition metals are less reactive than alkali metals and can form ions of different charges
What is special about the kinds of compounds transition metals form
Transition metals form coloured compounds
Metal + acid —->
Salt + Hydrogen
How can you test the reactivity of metals?
To test the reactivity of metals place them in dilute hydrochloric acid and light a splint over them. The louder the squeaky pop the more reactive the metal.
Metal + water —->
Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
How do metals react with water
Potassium through to calcium on the reactivity series react vigorously with water
Magnesium through to iron on the reactivity series won’t react in water but will react with steam
Copper onwards on the reactivity series won’t react with either
State the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium (Carbon) Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
If you put a more reactive metal in a salt solution of a less reactive metal what will occur?
A displacement reaction will occur where the more reactive metal will displace the less reactive one and form the salt
What will happen if you put an iron nail on a copper sulfate solution?
A displacement reaction will occur where the more reactive iron will displace the less reactive copper to form iron sulphate and pure copper
What are group 7 elements called?
Group 7 elements are called halogens
How do group 7 elements bond?
Group 7 elements bond covelantly with each other to exist as diatomic molecules or ionically with group 1 to form metals halides aka salts.
Are halogens solids, liquids or gases?
The MP and BP of halogens increase as you go down the group so fluorine and chloride are gases, bromine is a liquid and iodine is a solid
Explain the reactivity of the halogens
The reactivity of the halogen decreases as you go down the group for two reasons. The first is that the atomic radii increase as you do down so it is harder to attract another electron because the positive nucleus is further away. Secondly the internal electron shells shield the positive charge of the nucleus so it is harder to attract an electron
What would happen if you put a more reactive halogen in a less reactive halogen aqueous salt solution?
A displacement reaction would occur. The more reactive halogen would displace the less reactive halogen and form the salt
Complete
2KI + Cl2 —>
Potassium iodide + chlorine
2KI + Cl2 —> 2KCl + I2
Potassium iodide + chlorine –>
Potassium chloride + iodine
Complete
2LiCl + Br2 —>
Lithium chloride + bromine –>
Nothing no reaction will occur bromine is less reactive than chlorine
