C4 anatomy Flashcards by Selina Charmaine Gallardo

it lubricates the space between layers of the pericardium

serous fluid

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“corned beef muscle”

trabeculae carnae

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guides the opening and closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valve, to gold them in place

Heart Strings
“Chordae Tendinae”

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fight or slight: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

sympathetic

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rest or digest: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

parasympathetic

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primary pacemakers

SA node

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back-up pacemakers
common site for heart blocks

AV node

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largest pacemaker of the heart

purkinje fibers

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atrial depolarization/contraction

P-Wave

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atrial relaxation

QRS Wave

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ventricular depolarization/contraction

T-Wave

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common site for thrombus formation

endothelium

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muscles squeezes vein to make the blood go upward and fight against gravity, what action is this?

milking action

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universal donor

blood type: O

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universal recipient

blood type: AB

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A blood type only receives

A and O

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B blood type only receives

B and O

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order of abundance of blood elements:

RBC
Platelets
WBC

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life span of erythrocytes/RBC

90-120 days

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thrombocytes (platelets) occurence:

250,000 - 500,000/ mm3

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brain hemisphere that is responsible for arts and music?

right hemisphere (controls the left side of the body)

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brain hemisphere that is responsible for counting and reading?

left hemisphere (controls the right side of the body)

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Types of leukocytes:

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

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types of granulocytes (WBC):

“BEN”
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

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contains histamine discharged at site of inflammation or swelling:

basophils

WBC type that kills parasitic worms, INC during allergy attack

eosinophils

WBC type that is active phagocytes, INC during acute infection

neutrophils

types of agranulocytes WBC

"Ly-Mo" Lymphocytes Monocytes

functions for long-term clean-up team, chronic infection

monocytes

examples are B-cells and T-cells

Lymphocytes

Largest organ of the body

skin

this accounts for 15-20% of the body weight

skin

outer most superficial layer

epidermis

most painful type of burn

2nd degree burn

layer of epidermis that is located on the palms and soles

Stratum Lucidum

layer of epidermis that has a waterproof characteristic

stratum corneum "CuLuGo Sa Batok"

layer of epidermis for water retention and heat regulation

Stratum Granulosum

layer of epidermis that protects the basale

Stratum Spinosum

layer of epidermis that contains melanocytes

Stratum Basale

Dermis is also known as __

True Skin Corium

layer underneath the dermis for support, insulation, cushion and storage of energy

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer

course, thick, pigmented type of hair

terminal hair

they are short and fine hairs

vellus hair

whitish-crescent shape in nail bed

lunula

this muscle is responsible for goose bumps

erector/arrector pili muscle

drains sweat to sweat pore, for thermoregulation

eccrine sweat glands

drains sweat to hair active during emotional stress axillary or genital regions

apocrine sweat glands

functional unit of lungs

acini/acinus cells

structural unit of the lungs

alveoli

how many cranial nerves are there?

12 cranial nerves

functional unit of the nervous system?

neurons/nerve cells

gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon which increases the speed of electrical pulse?

nodes of ranvier

produces myelin sheath in the CNS? oligodendrocytes? schwan cells?

oligodendrocytes

produces myelin sheath in the PNS

schwan cells

they are the unmyelinated nerve fibers

gray matter

myelinated nerve fibers

white matter

how many spinal nerves are in there?

31 pairs

what are the layers of the meninges?

D-A-P Dura Matter Arachnoid Pia Matter

space between dura matter and arachnoid?

subdural layer

space between the arachnoid and pia matter?

subarachnoid layer

this is where the CSF flows or circulates?

subarachnoid layer

what produces the CSF?

Choroid Plexus

4 lobes of the brain

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

lobe responsible for problem solving, also for motor functions

Frontal Lobe

lobe responsible for touch reception, sensory, knowing the hotness/coldness, identifying shapes

Parietal Lobe

lobe responsible for vision/sight

occipital lobe

lobe responsible olfaction (auditory), memory

temporal lobe

hemisphere of the brain responsible for arts and music and controls the L side of the brain

R hemisphere

hemisphere of the brain responsible for counting and reading and controls the R side of the brain

L hemisphere

Part of Diencephalon

SHET Subthalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Thalamus

part of diencephalon that regulates control movements

Subthalamus

part of the diencephalon that has the function of FRETS?

Hypothalamus [FRETS] Feeding of thirst center Relation to post. pituitary Emotions Temperature Control Sexual Pleasure

part of the diencephalon where choroid plexus is located as well as the pineal gland (secretes metalonin)

Epithalamus

part of the diencephalon which transmits nerve impulses to the right organs or areas?

Thalamus

part of the brain responsible for sneezing, couching, swallowing, breathing

brainstem

part of the brain responsible for balance/equilibrium and coordination of movements

cerebellum

part of the brain that acts as a strainer that filters the movements to be smooth

basal ganglia

level of the lumbar that is the best site for anesthesia, lumbar puncture

L4-L5

longest bone

femur

longest bone in the upper limbs

humerus

largest sesamoid bone

patella

skull has how many bones

22 bones

how many vertebrae in fetus/infant?

33 bones C - 7 T - 12 L - 5 S- 5 C - 4

how many vertebrae in adults?

26 bones C - 7 T - 12 L - 5 S- 1 C - 1

C2 is also called __?

Epistropeus

Also known “shin bone”

Tibia

“Flank bone” is the ___

Fibula

“Cup of vinegar”

Acetabulum

Xiphoid Process is also known as ___

Ensiform Process

“Pollex”

Thumb

“Hallux”

Big Toe

largest muscle in the body

Gluteus Maximus

Longest muscle in the body

Sartorius

Strongest Muscle

Masseter

Smallest muscle

Stapedius

Salivary gland not examined with contrast

Sublingual

Anterior fontanelles ossifies at what age?

8 months - 2 years

Skin receptor for pressure

Pacinian

Skin receptor for heat

Rufini

Relationship of esophagus and trachea

Esophagus is posterior to trachea Trachea is anterior to esophagus (HINGA muna bago LAMON)

C4 anatomy Flashcards

(100 cards)