C4-Chemical Changes Flashcards
(28 cards)
State the reactivity series from most to least reactive
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
What is described as how vigorously something reacts?
Reactivity
In terms of oxygen, what is oxidation?
Addition of oxygen
In terms of oxygen, what is reduction?
Removal of oxygen
What can be used to measure the pH of a solution?
Universal indicator
What is described as a substance with a pH lower than 7?
Acid
What is described as a substance with a pH higher than 7?
Alkali
What substances form H+ ions when dissolved in water?
Acid
What substances form OH ions when dissolved in water?
Alkali
What is described as the process of using electricity to extract elements from a compound?
Electrolysis
What is the name of the positive electrode?
Anode
What is the name of the negative electrode?
Cathode
What is defined as a liquid or solution that contains ions so can conduce electricity?
Electrolyte
Where are metals formed in electrolysis?
Cathode/negative electrode
Where are non-metals formed in electrolysis?
Anode/posistive electrode
What type of ionic substance cannot be electrolysed because the ions are not able to move?
Solid
In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, why is the aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite?
Cryolite dissolves aluminium oxide to allow electrolysis to happen (melting point too high for cost effectiveness)
In electrolysis of solutions, when is a metal not produced at the negative electrode?
Metal is less reacive than hydrogen
Why are some metals not able to be electrolysed using carbon electrodes?
If the metal is less reactive than carbon
When an acid reacts with a metal, what is oxidised?
Metal
When an acid reacts with a metal, what is reduced?
Hydrogen
What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Neutralisation reaction equation
acid + alkali -> salt + water
Reaction with metal oxides and metal hydroxides
acid + metal oxide/hydroxide -> salt + water
