C4: Embrology of the Female Pelvis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in C4: Embrology of the Female Pelvis Deck (32)
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1
Q

Do the genital and Urinary sys develop at the same time?

A

Yes

2
Q

Which cells do the genital and Urinary tract arise from and what form do they initially take?

A

The mesoderm

Wolffian body

3
Q

At what time do the genital tracts differentiate into make or female?

A

Week 7

4
Q

Where do the germ cells that sex the embryo originate and where to they migrate?

A

They originate in the yolk sac

They migrate to the gonadal ridge (the anteromedial side of the wolffish duct)

5
Q

Which type of ducts do males have and how do they form

A

Wolffian ducts

Hormones cause the differentiation and growth of the W ducts and suppress the M ducts

6
Q

Another word for Wolffian ducts

A

Mesonephrons (2nd stage kidneys)

7
Q

Another name for Mullerian ducts

A

Paramesonephric ducts

8
Q

Are the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts paired?

A

Yes

9
Q

How do the Mullerian ducts form?

A

With the absence of male hormones and with stimulation of maternal hormones (estrogen)

10
Q

Mullerian ducts form which structures?

A

Oviducts
Uterus
Proximal vagina

11
Q

Where does the vagina originate from?

A

It has dual origin:
Müllerian ducts - form the upper vagina

urogenital sinus - forms the lower vagina

12
Q

what occurs if the fusion of the dual origin of the vagina doesnt occur?

A

An imperforate (non-permeable) hymen will result

13
Q

Which end of the mullerian duct forms the Fallopian tubes?

A

The cranial ends

14
Q

Which end of the mullerian duct forms the uterus and the upper vagina?

A

The caudal end

15
Q

What are the 3 types of abnormal M duct development?

A

Arrested development
Failure of fusion
Incomplete resorption

16
Q

when does arrested development occur? and what does it cause?

A

If one or both M ducts dont develop

Causes uterine aplasia (lack of uterus)
Unicornuate uterus (only 1 horn to uterus)
17
Q

What is Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome?

A

Complete agenesis of uterus and vagina

18
Q

What is failure of fusion?

A

M ducts develop but fail to fuse

19
Q

What does Failure of Fusion cause?

A

Uterus Didelphys (2 complete systems)
Uterus Bicornis Bicollis (1 vag, 2 cx, 2 ut)
Uterus bicornis unicollis (1 vag, 1 cx, 2 horns of uterus)
Uterus arcutus

20
Q

What type of congenital uterine anomaly is the most severe

A

Arrested development

21
Q

Which uterine anomaly is most commonly seen on US?

A

Bicornuate uterus
Or
Uterus bicornis unicollis

22
Q

What are the 3 things we are looking for when we scan the kidney?

A

Renal agenesis
Fluid around the kidney
Hydronephrosis

23
Q

How does failure of fusion effect the hymen?

A

It will cause an imperforate hymen

24
Q

T shaped uteri

A

Form in women who were exposed to DES in utero
Have smaller volume so at risk for pre term delivery

Can’t see on US
Linked to vaginal and breast cancer

25
Q

What are the 3 types of T shaped uteri?

A

Small hypoplastic uterus
Narrow fundal segment
Widened lower uterine segment

26
Q

how large of a serosal indentation will a bicornuate uterus have?

A

> 1cm

27
Q

how large of a serosal indentation will a arcutus uterus have?

A

<1cm

28
Q

what happens w/ incomplete resorption.

what does it cause?

A

mullerian ducts fuse but the septum isnt reabsorbed

causes:
uterus septus
uterus subseptus

29
Q

what are the most commonly occurring uterine anomalies?

which have the poorest repro outcome and why

A

incomplete resorption (both answers)….

-septum has poor vascular supply to support preg

30
Q

can we correct septate and subseptate uteri surgically

A

yes

31
Q

can we correct bicornuate and didelphyis uteri surgically

A

no

32
Q

how can you tell septate and subseptate uteri apart on US

A

septum: normal serosal contour and an indentation of >1cm from the fundus to the endo…. septum is all the way down the canal
subseptum: normal serosal contour and an indentation of <1cm from the fundus to the endo…. septum is only part way down the canal