Do the genital and Urinary sys develop at the same time?
Yes
Which cells do the genital and Urinary tract arise from and what form do they initially take?
The mesoderm
Wolffian body
At what time do the genital tracts differentiate into make or female?
Week 7
Where do the germ cells that sex the embryo originate and where to they migrate?
They originate in the yolk sac
They migrate to the gonadal ridge (the anteromedial side of the wolffish duct)
Which type of ducts do males have and how do they form
Wolffian ducts
Hormones cause the differentiation and growth of the W ducts and suppress the M ducts
Another word for Wolffian ducts
Mesonephrons (2nd stage kidneys)
Another name for Mullerian ducts
Paramesonephric ducts
Are the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts paired?
Yes
How do the Mullerian ducts form?
With the absence of male hormones and with stimulation of maternal hormones (estrogen)
Mullerian ducts form which structures?
Oviducts
Uterus
Proximal vagina
Where does the vagina originate from?
It has dual origin:
Müllerian ducts - form the upper vagina
urogenital sinus - forms the lower vagina
what occurs if the fusion of the dual origin of the vagina doesnt occur?
An imperforate (non-permeable) hymen will result
Which end of the mullerian duct forms the Fallopian tubes?
The cranial ends
Which end of the mullerian duct forms the uterus and the upper vagina?
The caudal end
What are the 3 types of abnormal M duct development?
Arrested development
Failure of fusion
Incomplete resorption
when does arrested development occur? and what does it cause?
If one or both M ducts dont develop
Causes uterine aplasia (lack of uterus) Unicornuate uterus (only 1 horn to uterus)
What is Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser Syndrome?
Complete agenesis of uterus and vagina
What is failure of fusion?
M ducts develop but fail to fuse
What does Failure of Fusion cause?
Uterus Didelphys (2 complete systems)
Uterus Bicornis Bicollis (1 vag, 2 cx, 2 ut)
Uterus bicornis unicollis (1 vag, 1 cx, 2 horns of uterus)
Uterus arcutus
What type of congenital uterine anomaly is the most severe
Arrested development
Which uterine anomaly is most commonly seen on US?
Bicornuate uterus
Or
Uterus bicornis unicollis
What are the 3 things we are looking for when we scan the kidney?
Renal agenesis
Fluid around the kidney
Hydronephrosis
How does failure of fusion effect the hymen?
It will cause an imperforate hymen
T shaped uteri
Form in women who were exposed to DES in utero
Have smaller volume so at risk for pre term delivery
Can’t see on US
Linked to vaginal and breast cancer
What are the 3 types of T shaped uteri?
Small hypoplastic uterus
Narrow fundal segment
Widened lower uterine segment
how large of a serosal indentation will a bicornuate uterus have?
> 1cm
how large of a serosal indentation will a arcutus uterus have?
<1cm
what happens w/ incomplete resorption.
what does it cause?
mullerian ducts fuse but the septum isnt reabsorbed
causes:
uterus septus
uterus subseptus
what are the most commonly occurring uterine anomalies?
which have the poorest repro outcome and why
incomplete resorption (both answers)….
-septum has poor vascular supply to support preg
can we correct septate and subseptate uteri surgically
yes
can we correct bicornuate and didelphyis uteri surgically
no
how can you tell septate and subseptate uteri apart on US
septum: normal serosal contour and an indentation of >1cm from the fundus to the endo…. septum is all the way down the canal
subseptum: normal serosal contour and an indentation of <1cm from the fundus to the endo…. septum is only part way down the canal